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Community Health > 15. Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

15. Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

3 stages of HIV

A
  • primary infection (within 1 month of contracting virus)
  • clinical latency (no sxs)
  • symptomatic disease (AIDS)
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2
Q

what has greatly increased survival time of person w/ HIV/AIDS

A

use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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3
Q

2 complications of AIDS

A
  • CD4 T-lymphocyte count less than 200

- AIDS-related opportunistic infections

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4
Q

transmission of HIV

A
  • blood
  • semen
  • vaginal secretions
  • breast milk
  • transplanted organs
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5
Q

T/F: a person is not accepted to donate blood if they have a hx of behaviors that puts them at high risk of HIV

A

True

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6
Q

What part of the world accounts for more than 70% of all HIV cases

A

sub-saharan Africa

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7
Q

What testing is done for HIV

A
  • HIV antibody test
  • western blot (confirmatory test)
  • rapid HIV antibody testing (oral sample, 99% accurate, results in 20 minutes)
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8
Q

what accounts for nearly all HIV infection in children

A

perinatal transmission (during pregnancy, labor/delivery, or breastfeeding)

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9
Q

prevention of HIV in children

A
  • HIV testing part of prenatal care (mandatory in IL)

- use HAART during pregnancy

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10
Q

T/F: all children will develop HIV if their mother has it during pregnancy

A

False

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11
Q

What is critical at the AIDS stage of HIV

A

adherence to HAART

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12
Q

care of HIV-infected children

A
  • impaired immunity to childhood diseases

- should still attend school

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13
Q

What is PrEP?

A

pre-exposure prophylaxis; once a day pill taken to prevent HIV

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14
Q

Who is PrEP recommended to?

A
  • if sexually active w/ HIV+ partner
  • sexually active with men who have sex w/ men (#1 risk factor), more than one partner, or your partner has more than one partner
  • not using condoms
  • IV drug user who shares needles or other equipment
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15
Q

gonorrhea is frequently seen in conjunction with what other STI

A

chlamydia

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16
Q

sxs of gonorrhea

A
  • men: painful urination and discharge

- women: none or sxs of PID

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17
Q

nursing roles in gonorrhea

A
  • refer partners of last 60 days

- educate pt and partner to take meds, complete abx therapy, and return is sxs persist

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18
Q

T/F: number of antibiotic-resistant cases of gonorrhea is rising

A

True

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19
Q

how is syphilis spread

A

sexual contact or mother-to-fetus

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20
Q

clinical signs of syphilis

A
  • primary: chancre (small sores)
  • secondary: lymphatics
  • tertiary: psychosis, blindness, and CV disease
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21
Q

nursing role in syphilis

A
  • screen all partners of last 3 months

- reexamine at 3 and 6 months

22
Q

most common reported infectious disease

A

chlamydia

23
Q

sxs of chlamydia

A
  • men: painful urination or urethral discharge

- women: none or vaginal discharge

24
Q

nursing role in chlamydia

A
  • refer partners of past 60 days

- annual screenings for women in high risk categories

25
Q

sxs of genital herpes simplex

A
  • painful ulceration that can last 5-6 weeks or asymptomatic
26
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes simplex

A

acyclovir (no cure; only treat symptoms)

27
Q

nursing role in herpes

A
  • teach about spread

- how to prevent spread to others

28
Q

how is HPV transmitted

A

direct contact w/ HPV associated warts

29
Q

sxs of HPV

A

painless lesions

30
Q

prevention of HPV

A

vaccine ages 11-14 and condoms

31
Q

treatment of HPV

A

only treat symptoms (no cure); 1/3 of lesions will disappear without treatment

32
Q

nursing role for HPV

A
  • education about prevention

- vaccination

33
Q

the ability of the clinician to treat the pt in the office as well as the partner of the pt without seeing the partner; recommended for gonorrhea and chlamydia; no allowed in all states

A

expedited partner therapy

34
Q

transmission of hepatitis A

A
  • fecal-oral route

- sources: water, food, feces, or sexual contact

35
Q

prevention of hepatitis A

A

hand washing and vaccine

36
Q

transmission of hepatitis B

A
  • blood and body fluids

- high risk groups: drug users, multiple partners, and healthcare workers

37
Q

hepatitis with vaccine available

A
  • Hep A

- Hep B

38
Q

most common chronic blood borne infection in the US

A

hepatitis C (transmitted through blood/body fluids)

39
Q

What is the most common reason for liver transplant

A

chronic liver disease from HCV

40
Q

treatment of Hep C

A

direct-acting antivirals

41
Q

nursing role for Hep C

A

education and testing for everyone

42
Q

uncommon hepatitis in the US

A
  • Hep D: already infected w/ Hep B; no vaccine
  • Hep E: fecal-oral acute infection; no vaccine
  • Hep G: isolated in patients w/ post-transfusion hepatitis
43
Q

transmission of TB

A

airborne droplets

44
Q

common symptoms of TB

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • hemoptysis
  • chest pains
  • weight loss
45
Q

latent TB and TB disease

A
  • latent TB: no symptoms of TB but given prophylaxis meds to prevent disease
  • TB disease: has active disease and can spread it
46
Q

TB diagnosis

A
  • tuberculin skin test (TST) -initial screening (intradermal)
  • followed by chest Xray for persons w/ positive skin reaction or pulmonary sxs
47
Q

induration sizes for positive TB test

A
  • 15 mm: anyone without preexisting problems
  • 10 mm: immunocompromised patients
  • 5 mm: anyone with HIV
48
Q

what causes treatment failure for TB

A

lack of client adherence -> leads to drug resistance

49
Q

rules for 2 step TB test

A

baseline test
- positive: person probably has TB -> followup and evaluate for tx
- negative: restest 1-3 weeks later
2nd test
- negative: person does not have TB
- positive: reaction consisted a boosted reaction due to TB infection from a long time ago and person has latent TB -> followup and evaluate for tx

50
Q

primary prevention for communicable diseases

A
  • assessment
  • education about prevention
  • community outreach to provide info and resources
51
Q

secondary prevention for communicable disease

A
  • testing
  • post testing counseling
  • partner notification and contact tracing
52
Q

tertiary prevention for communicable diseases

A
  • direct observed therapy (make sure they take their meds)

- standard precautions

Community Health (34 decks)

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