17. Community as Client: Assessment and Analysis Flashcards
What does community assessment do?
- define community needs
- identifies strengths and weaknesses
- obtains data to confirm known issues
- addresses health concerns
4 steps to start a community assessment
- identify a model to guide assessment
- visit and interact in the community
- collect data about people, place, and function for a month or more
- use community coalitions and inclusion of stakeholders
3 types of data collected for assessment
- health status indicators
- primary sources of data
- secondary sources of data
numerical measures of health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality as well as determinants of health and population characteristics
health status indicators
Examples of primary sources of data
- observation
- key informations
- surveys
- town hall meetings and focus groups
- windshield survey
Examples of secondary sources of data
- death/birth statistics
- census
- morbidity and mortality data
- prior health surveys
- environmental issues
- financial issues
method of simple observation that provides a quick overview of a community
windshield survey
Elements observed in a windshield survey
- boundaries
- housing and open spaces
- transportation
- social service centers
- stores and streets
- religion
- health indicators
- politics/media
- businesses
all steps to conducting a community assessment
- get started
- windshield survey
- community place and people identified
- the seven “A’s”
- data analysis
- nursing dx
- program planning, implementation, and evaluation
characteristics of community “place”
- boundaries
- environment
- size
- climate
- history
- population
characteristics of community “people”
- size and density of pop.
- demographics
- education
- informal and formal groups
- linking structures (schools, associations)
- values and beliefs
7 A’s to evaluate adequacy of services or systems in a community
- awareness
- access
- availability
- affordability
- acceptability
- appropriateness
- adequacy
analyzing and establishing priorities among health problems identified, establish goals, and identify activities to accomplish objectives
program planning
enacting the plan for improved community health using identified goals and objectives
program implementation
measuring the success of the program and determining community satisfaction w/ outcomes
program evaluation
