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Community Health > 14. Infectious Disease Prevention > Flashcards

14. Infectious Disease Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

current infectious diseases of concern

A
  • HIV
  • pneumonia/influenza
  • VRSA and MRSA
  • SARS
  • COVID-19
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2
Q

3 parts to the epidemiologic triangle

A
  • agent
  • host
  • environment
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3
Q

ability of agent to enter the host

A

infectivity

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4
Q

ability of agent to produce a specific reaction or overtake the host

A

pathogenicity

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5
Q

strength of agent; how likely is it to cause a serious illness

A

virulence

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6
Q

can the agent cause a poisonous reaction

A

toxicity

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7
Q

ability of agent to penetrate and spread throughout tissues

A

invasiveness

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8
Q

ability of agent to stimulate and immune response

A

antigenicity

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9
Q

host factors for infection

A
  • host resistance
  • immunity
  • herd immunity
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10
Q

4 types of immunity

A
  • active natural
  • active acquired
  • passive natural
  • passive acquired
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11
Q

when enough people in the population (85-90%) have immunity to a disease that it protects those who can’t get immunity (take vaccine)

A

herd immunity

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12
Q

horizontal transmission

A

person-to-person

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13
Q

4 routes of horizontal transmission

A
  • direct (contact)/indirect (inanimate objects)
  • common vehicle (food, water, body fluids)
  • airborne
  • vector-borne (arthropods)
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14
Q

constant presence of a disease in one group

A

endemic

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15
Q

occurrence beyond normal expectations in one region or community

A

epidemic

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16
Q

epidemic occurring worldwide and affecting large populations

A

pandemic

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17
Q

elements of surveillance

A

look at the who, what, when, and where to answer why

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18
Q

what is the goal of controlling communicable diseases

A

reduce prevalence

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19
Q

role of nurse in controlling communicable diseases

A
  • immunizations
  • surveillance
  • teaching
  • prevention
  • screening and treatment
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20
Q

3 agents of bioterrorism

A
  • anthrax (cutaneous, GI, and respiratory)
  • smallpox
  • plague
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21
Q

4 vaccine-preventable diseases

A
  • measles
  • rubella
  • pertussis
  • influenza
22
Q

how is measles (rubeola) spread

A

airborne (can last 2 hours in airspace); highly contagious

23
Q

sxs of measles

A
  • high fever
  • cough
  • runny nose
  • watery red eyes
  • rash 3-5 days after sxs begin
  • 1 in 1000 will die
24
Q

how is mumps spread

A

via droplets; occurs in close communities such as college dorms and sports teams

25
sxs of mumps
- swollen parotid glands - fever - malaise - possible orchitis - rare complications: sterility, deafness, and death
26
sxs of rubella (German measles)
- low grade fever - sore throat - rash on face that spreads to the rest of the body - pink eye
27
T/F: rubella can cause miscarriage or serious birth defects in pregnant woman
True
28
how is polio spread
person-to-person
29
vaccination produced by modifying a disease-producing virus or bacteria I the lab; virus able to replicate but not cause disease; immune response similar to natural infection
live attenuated virus
30
Who should not get live attenuated vaccines?
people with compromised immune system -> uncontrolled replication can occur and can be fatal
31
Examples of live attenuated vaccines
- measles - mumps - rubella - varicella zoster - yellow fever - rotavirus - influenza (intranasal)
32
vaccine created by growing bacteria or virus in the lab and then inactivating it with heat or chemicals; cannot replicate
inactivated vaccine
33
examples of inactivated vaccine
- polio - Hep A/Hep B - rabies - influenza - pertussis - HPV
34
vaccine produced by genetic engineering
recombinant vaccine
35
examples of recombinant vaccines
- Hep B - HPV - live typhoid - salmonella
36
2 most important issues in appropriate use of vaccines
timing and spacing of vaccine doses
37
T/F: all vaccines can be administered at the same visit as all other vaccines
True
38
local adverse reactions of vaccines
- pain, swelling, redness at injection site - common w/ inactivated vaccines - mild or self-limiting
39
systemic adverse reactions of vaccines
- fever - malaise - headache - may be unrelated to vaccine
40
when is anaphylaxis likely to occur with a vaccine
within the first 15 minutes
41
T/F: no vaccine is completely safe or effective
True
42
How are vaccines documented after being given?
- vaccine name - manufacturer - lot number (required by CDC) - expiration date - injection site (required by CDC)
43
What is documented before a vaccine is given?
- patient was provided a vaccine information sheet (VIS) | - signed permission for vaccine to be given
44
8 myths about vaccines
- cause autism - infant immune systems can't handle so many vaccines - natural immunity is better than vaccine acquired immunity - they contain unsafe toxins - decreased infections caused by better hygiene and sanitation rather than vaccines - not worth the risk - can infect children with disease - don't need vaccines because infection rate is low in the US
45
2 foodborne and waterborne diseases that cause outbreaks
- salmonellosis - escherichia coli (tainted meat) - legionella (water) - crypto (water)
46
2 examples of vector borne diseases
- lyme disease (summer in rural and suburbs in northeast, mid-atlantic, and north-central states -> Wisconsin and Minnesota) - rocky mountain spotted fever (southeast, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and MO)
47
3 stages of Lyme disease
- stage 1: bullseye - stage 2: headache and cardiac conditions - stage 3: arthritis (years later)
48
what carries lyme disease
deer ticks
49
most common helminthic infections in the US
pinworm (usually in schools, institutions, or overcrowding)
50
control and prevention of parasitic diseases
- early dx - improved hygiene and vector control - education and environmental improvements

Community Health (34 decks)

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