4 - causes, consequences and management of refugee movement ✅ Flashcards
1
Q
what are refugees
A
refugees are people who have been forced to leave their country
protected by international law where they must not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom are at risk
2
Q
what does internally displaced mean
A
are people who have been forced to move within a nation
3
Q
what happened in Syria in 2016
A
- Syria lost 5 million refugees and had 6 million IDPs
- 24 people fled their homes every minute
- refugees have increased by a factor of 4 in a decade
- 40m in 2016 and 20m IDPs
4
Q
how did geopolitical causes in central Africa result in refugees
A
- post colonisation led to widespread political instability
- state boundaries drawn in the C19th by Europe gave little consideration for tribes/culture there
- eg Sudan Egypt border is a straight line along the Lat 22N
- by 1900, many ethnicities were living in new nations that didnt represent their heritage
- conflict between these ethnicities led to large scale refugee movements post-independence
- 2m refugees scattered across Africa. Sudan, Kenya, and Chad are host nations with Somalia, Rwanda and Angola as source
- The Hutu tribe killed 800,000 Tutsi’s during civil war, 2m fled conflict
5
Q
how did the geopolitical conflict in the Middle East create refugees
A
- internal conflict because of borders post war
- USA, Russia, Saudi Arabia got involved
- world’s largest source of refugees
- the Sykes-Picot line was drawn by British and French in 1916, split large Sunni and Shia Muslim communities creating Syria and Iraq
- began with rebel groups demanded Assad resigned in 2011
6
Q
how did land grabbing lead to refugees
A
- land seized by domestic industries and MNCs
- vulnerable people eg indigenous groups have no legal claim on the land despite living there for centuries
- colonial rubber industry in Africa and logging in the Amazon basin displaced many indigenous tribes
7
Q
how does drought and climate create refugees
A
- climate change can intensify rural poverty and conflict
- Sudan’s semi-arid Darfur region home to black African farmers and nomadic Arab groups
- between 2003-05 land grabbing and conflict led to displacement of 2 million
- desertification exacerbated the conflict
- series of droughts since 1990 caused mass displacement out of Ethiopia and Somalia into Kenya
8
Q
economic impacts of refugees on host countries
A
- increased wage pressure
- need for housing
- drains on welfare state
- law enforcement expenditures
- higher tax revenues
9
Q
social impacts of refugees on host countries
A
- tension rising between communities
- refugees may get jobs and host country’s population blame them for stealing jobs
- an increase in illegal activity
- bringing different cultures
10
Q
political impacts of refugees on host countries
A
- can fuel anti-immigrant sentiment and propel the rise of authoritarian, populist, anti-immigrant parties
- security concerns
11
Q
what are examples of the management of refugees by organisations
A
- UNHCR strategies
- Oxfam and Coldplay
