4 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
chapter 5
Name a few monosaccharides
aldose, ketose
What are carbohydrates commonly known as?
sugar
in a carbon ring, what kind of structure is it considered when the carbonyl group sticks above the plane?
beta rings
are saccharides hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophilic
In a carbon ring, when the carbonyl group sticks below the plane, what is that called?
alpha ring
what kind of bond holds carbohydrates together?
covalent bonds
joined by glycosidic linkages
at the alpha 1-4
When two sugars polymerize there is a condensation between two hydroxyl groups, what is this action called?
glycosidic linkage
Where is glycogen stored?
in the muscles and liver
starch is a monosaccharide found in ______ it is joined by glycosidic linkages
plants
What is the polysaccharide found in fungi & some algae?
Chitin
What is the polysaccharide found in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
most complex structure
has long parallel strands
list out some of the functions that carbohydrates do
- serve as a substrate for creating large molecules (DNA & RNA) in nucleotides
- the raw skeleton of cell walls
- indicates cell identity
- stores chemical info
- fibre
- structure
- energy
simple sugars differ in 3 respects
- location of their carbonyl group (C=O) -number of carbons present
- spacial arrangement of their atoms - especially the hydroxyl group
Which have higher free energy?
C-C
C-H
C-0
both C-C and C-H
as a result carbohydrates have much more free energy than carbon dioxide does
As energy storage goes, describe the difference between using carbohydrates or fats as fuel in cells
fats store twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates do, as well the CHO is hydrophillic, fats are hydrophobic therefore water goes where CHO goes
