Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > 11 - Plant Structure & Growth > Flashcards

11 - Plant Structure & Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the xylem?

location?

A

flow of ions

inside of the ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of the phloem

Location?

A

moving sugar

exterior to the xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define gymnosperms

give examples

A

naked seeds

ie douglas fir, ginko, cycads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define angiosperms

what are the two subdivisions

A

flowering plans

Monocots & dicots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many sets of 1st leafs cotyledons does that monocot have

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many sets of 1st leaves cotyledons does a docot have

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monocots have ________ # of petals

Dicots have _________# of petals

A

Monocots = multiples of 3

Dicots multiples of 4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how can you distingusish between the leaves of a monocot and a dicot

A

Monocots have leaf veins that run parallel

Dicots have leaf veins that are branching or webbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between the vascular bundle location of the monocot versus the dicot

A

Monocot = scattered throughout

Dicot = vascular tissue in circular arangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between the monocot and dicot’s root systems?

A

Monocot = roots branching

Dicot = taproot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three functions of the root system, plus list some of the adaptations

A
  1. Transportation - H2O
  2. Anchor - structural
  3. Storage of CHO

Adaptations: O2fixation, asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe root growth

A
  • Primary: growth in lenght
  • Secondary: growth in girth, yet not all roots do this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name and describe the parts of the roots

A
  • Taproots: one main vertical root &/ lateral roots also called branching roots
  • Root hairs: extention of epidermal calls of the root
    • increase surface area
    • absorb H2O and minerals mostly near root tip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three functions of the stems and list of some adaptations

A
  1. Support leaves
  2. Transport

Adaptations: PS, storage, a sex’l repro

ie: rhizomes - under the soil; stolon - runners of strawberries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__________ are the points at which the leaves are attached

A

Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the stem segments between the nodes are called

A

internodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name what is found at the tip of the main shoot

A

terminal bud

or

apical bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

____________ lead to grwoth of lateral branches

A

lateral buds

or

axillary buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the primary and secondary forms of growth for the stems

A
  • Primary: growth in lenght
  • Secondary: growth in girth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main function of the leaves?

Adaptations

A

main PS organ

Adaptations: support, protection, storage, reproduction

ie, tendrils, onion are leaves, storage in succulants, bracts of a pointestta = attract pollinators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Of the leaf, what is the flattened part called?

A

Blade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the stalk of the leaf is called what

A

petiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the purpose of the stomata?

A

opening in leaves

allow gas x-change

2 guard cells- turgid = open; flaccid = closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List some of the ways that cacti have adapted to their environment in terms of their roots, stems and leaves

A

Stems - PS, Storage

Leaves - protective spines, small in size = decreaed loss of H2O

Roots: deep taproot - searching for water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the dermal tissue of the plant?
the outter covering for protection **Epidermal cells** cover surface of leaves and herbaceous plant
26
What is the waxy cuticle of the demis layer for in each roots and leaves
* **roots:** these form root hairs * **leaves**: prevent water loss
27
# define periderm
cork cells replace epidermis in older, woody plants, for protection
28
Plant tissue "ground" is composed of three types of specialized cells - what are they
1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma
29
Plant tissues "ground" describe it's function
1. neither vascular nor dermal 2. metabolisim, storage, structure, protection, PS
30
Describe parenchyma give examples
* abundant tissue * various fxn * primary cell wall lonly ex: PS cells, storage of starch, fleshy tissue of fruit
31
Describe collenchyma and give examples
* flexible support tissue * cell walls thickened * Examples: celery strings
32
list they three types of ground tissue in least to greatest of structural support
1. parenchyma 2. collenchyma 3. sclerenchyma
33
Describe sclerenchyma
* rigid support tissue * has secondary wall, evenly thickened
34
list and describe they two types of sclerenchyma
1. **fiberous** = hemp 2. **sclereids** = nutshells, ritty parts of pears, water lily leaf
35
Where do the pith and the cortex tissue lie in relation to the vascular tissue?
* ** Pith** - internal to vascular tissue * **Cortex** - external to the vascular tissue
36
vascular tissue - describe 2 functions
1. **Xylem**: conducts H2O & ions from soil 2. **Phloem** - conducts sugars from source to parts of plant
37
Is it xylem or phloem that become dead at maturity to form sclerenchyma cells?
xylem
38
At maturity xylem is _____ and provides _______ to plant
dead; structual support
39
Phloem tissue has live cells arranged in a tubular fashion called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
sieve tube elements
40
Meristematic tissue - describe
centers for actively dividing cells
41
list three specialized cells of meristematic tissue
1. Apical meristem - growth lenght found in tips and shoots & lateral buds 2. Vascular cambium - secondary growth in woody plants - girth 3. Cork Cambium - also secondary growth, replaces epidermis of the young plant, growth of cork
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is growth in lenght and is initiated from the _______ in the root and\_\_\_\_\_ tips and lateral buds.
Primary is growth in lenght and is initiated from the meristems in the root and the shoots tips and lateral buds
43
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ includes the growth of the stem, leaves, flowers, and roots
primary growth
44
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is growth in diameter What is it due to?
secondary growth vascular cambium and cork cambium
45
Do the xylem rings change in size as they grow?
no
46
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue get ruptured and squished as girth is added to the plant
phloem
47
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are modified stems that run over the soil surface
stolons
48
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are modified stems that spread underground what are their purpose
Rhixomes produce new plants -a sex'l reproduction storage of starch
49
a leaf is composed of two major structures: and expanded portion called the ________ and a stalk called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
blade; petiole
50
the plant body is organized into a _________ system and a _________ system
root shoot
51
The ground tissue that the vascular tissue runs through is divided into two major regions: ground tissue inside the vascular bundles is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; ground tissue outside the vasculare bundles is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The ground tissue that the vascular tissue runs through is divided into two major regions: ground tissue inside the vascular bundles is called pith; ground tissue outside the vasculare bundles is called the cortex.
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ furnish the actual sites of water and nutrient absorption: the rest of the _______ provides structural support
root hairs root system
53
Cell plant cells are surrounded by a stiff, cellulose-rich ________ that supports the cell and defines its shape
cell wall
54
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the interface between the individual and the external envirnment. It's primary function is to protect the plant body - from water loss, disease causing agents, and herbivores
dermal tissue
55
Stomata consist of to specialized cells called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
guard cells
56
Most photosynthesis, as well as most CHO storage, takes place in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ground tissue
57
Primary growth results from cell division in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
apical meristems
58
The meristems function is what
to extend the shoot system into the air and the root system into the soil
59
The _________ system protects the individual; the _______ system makes and stores the molecules that make life possible; the _______ system moves those molecules from place to place and hold the plant up. Each of these systems consist of an array of distinctive cell and tissue types.
dermal ground vascular
60
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ forms between the secondary xylem & phloem inside the stem
vascular cambium
61
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ produces both phloem and xylem
vascular cambium
62
Which is a correct pairing of a tissue with its components? Select one: A. Epidermis: companion cells B. Sclerenchyma: periderm C. Parenchyma: sclereids D. Phloem: sieve tube elements
Phloem: sieve tube elements
63
Which statement about parenchyma cells is NOT true? Select one: A. They often function as storage depots B. They are found only in stems and roots C. They are the most common cell type in the plant body D. They typically lack a secondary wall E. They are alive when they perform their functions
B. They are found only in stems and roots
64

Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions