18 - Circulation

Question 1

During systole of the ventricles

Select one:
A. The ventricles of the heart are relaxed
B. The ventricles of the heart are filling
C. The ventricles of the heart are contracting
D. The atria of the heart are contracting
E. The semilunar valves are closing

Answer 1

The ventricles of the heart are contracting

Question 2

An advantage of a double circulation is that
Select one:
A. Blood can be pumped to the upper portions of the body by one circuit and to the lower portions of the body by the other circuit
B. Each circuit can pump blood with differing pressures to optimize the function of each
C. The oxygenated blood can mix with the deoxygenated blood before being pumped to the tissues of the body
D. Less energy is needed to provide nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body
E. All answers apply

Answer 2

Each circuit can pump blood with differing pressures to optimize the function of each

Question 3

If a person is lacking albumin this would most likely lead to

Select one:

a. increased tissue fluid
b. increased pressure inside the capillaries
c. blockage of lymphatic ducts leading to swollen appendages
d. decreased tissue fluid

Answer 3

increased tissue fluid

Question 4

Which of the following determines blood pressure?
Select one:
A. Cardiac output
B. Systemic vascular resistance
C. Blood viscosity
D. Arteriole diameter
E. All answers apply

Answer 4

all answers apply

Question 5

If a molecule of CO2 is released into the blood in your left toe and then is exhaled, it must pass through all of the following except

Select one:
A. The pulmonary vein
B. An alveolus
C. The trachea
D. The right atrium
E. The right ventricle

Answer 5

The pulmonary vein

Question 6

Blood flows faster in a venule than in a capillary because venules have

Select one:

a. are more muscular
b. have larger diameters
c. are closer to the heart
d. have higher blood pressure
e. have more connective tissue

Answer 6

have larger diameters

Question 7

When do heart sounds happen

Answer 7

during venricular systole - closing

Question 8

what is the equation for blood pressure

Answer 8

BP = CO x SVR

CO = Cardiac Output

SVR = Systemic vascular resistance

Question 9

what is the equation for cardiac output

Answer 9

CO = HR x SV x SVR

Heart Rate

Stroke Volume

Systemic vascular resistance

Question 10

Can we change cardiac output

Answer 10

yes

stroke volume can be more efficient

and heart rate can change

resistance can change

Question 11

which side of the heart pumps more blood

Answer 11

they are the same

Question 12

How can we change SVC

Answer 12

• increase diameter of blood vessels
• change thickness or thinness of blood
• pruning of blood vessels - lenght
• viscosity

Question 13

how does adrenaline effect BP

Answer 13

Increase blood pressure

increase heart rate

Question 14

What are some of the functions of the blood

Answer 14

• remove waste
• transport nutrients
• osmotic balance
• stabalize pH
• immunity function
• moving proteins

Question 15

why is blood considered a connective tissue

Answer 15

connects the body

Question 16

how does the blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit compare to that in the systemic circuit

Answer 16

pressure is lower in the pulmonary circuit

left ventricle is thicker - bigger distribution run

Question 17

what is the equation for the radius of a blood vessel

Answer 17

n⁴ where the radius is n

Question 18

what is in the extracelluslar matrix and what are the formed elements

Answer 18

1. Plasma matrix - proteins and liquid
2. formed elsements - lymphocytes, leucocytes, thrombrocytes, platelets, RBC

Question 19

What are some distigushing factors between red blood cells and white blood cells

Answer 19

white blood cells

• bigger
• fights infection and invaders

Red blood cells:

• carry nutrients
• no organelles

Question 20

how do RBC make ATP

Answer 20

have no mitochandria

uese glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation

Question 21

what are the three layers on a blood vessel from outtermost to inner

Answer 21

connective tissue, muscle, and epithelium (simple squalmous)

Question 22

what are differences between artery and a vein - structure wise

Answer 22

artery: more muscle, more elastic

Veins, smaller, and valves

Question 23

why do capilarries need to have thin walls

Answer 23

for efficient exchange of nutrients

Question 24

What type of substances move between the blood and tissue via diffusion

Answer 24

• gasses
• small non polar molecules
• ions
• glucose

Question 25

What type of substances move between the blood and tissue via endocytosis, exocytosis

Answer 25

• macromolecules
• blood proteins
• antibodies

Question 26

what is oncotic pressure

Answer 26

pressure created by high protein pressure in the blood usually caused by albumin

Albumin is a polar molecule pulling H2O along with it