18 - Circulation Flashcards
During systole of the ventricles
Select one:
A. The ventricles of the heart are relaxed
B. The ventricles of the heart are filling
C. The ventricles of the heart are contracting
D. The atria of the heart are contracting
E. The semilunar valves are closing
The ventricles of the heart are contracting
An advantage of a double circulation is that
Select one:
A. Blood can be pumped to the upper portions of the body by one circuit and to the lower portions of the body by the other circuit
B. Each circuit can pump blood with differing pressures to optimize the function of each
C. The oxygenated blood can mix with the deoxygenated blood before being pumped to the tissues of the body
D. Less energy is needed to provide nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body
E. All answers apply
Each circuit can pump blood with differing pressures to optimize the function of each
If a person is lacking albumin this would most likely lead to
Select one:
a. increased tissue fluid
b. increased pressure inside the capillaries
c. blockage of lymphatic ducts leading to swollen appendages
d. decreased tissue fluid
increased tissue fluid
Which of the following determines blood pressure?
Select one:
A. Cardiac output
B. Systemic vascular resistance
C. Blood viscosity
D. Arteriole diameter
E. All answers apply
all answers apply
If a molecule of CO2 is released into the blood in your left toe and then is exhaled, it must pass through all of the following except
Select one:
A. The pulmonary vein
B. An alveolus
C. The trachea
D. The right atrium
E. The right ventricle
The pulmonary vein
Blood flows faster in a venule than in a capillary because venules have
Select one:
a. are more muscular
b. have larger diameters
c. are closer to the heart
d. have higher blood pressure
e. have more connective tissue
have larger diameters
When do heart sounds happen
during venricular systole - closing
what is the equation for blood pressure
BP = CO x SVR
CO = Cardiac Output
SVR = Systemic vascular resistance
what is the equation for cardiac output
CO = HR x SV x SVR
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Systemic vascular resistance
Can we change cardiac output
yes
stroke volume can be more efficient
and heart rate can change
resistance can change
which side of the heart pumps more blood
they are the same
How can we change SVC
- increase diameter of blood vessels
- change thickness or thinness of blood
- pruning of blood vessels - lenght
- viscosity
how does adrenaline effect BP
Increase blood pressure
increase heart rate
What are some of the functions of the blood
- remove waste
- transport nutrients
- osmotic balance
- stabalize pH
- immunity function
- moving proteins
why is blood considered a connective tissue
connects the body
how does the blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit compare to that in the systemic circuit
pressure is lower in the pulmonary circuit
left ventricle is thicker - bigger distribution run
what is the equation for the radius of a blood vessel
n4 where the radius is n
what is in the extracelluslar matrix and what are the formed elements
- Plasma matrix - proteins and liquid
- formed elsements - lymphocytes, leucocytes, thrombrocytes, platelets, RBC
What are some distigushing factors between red blood cells and white blood cells
white blood cells
- bigger
- fights infection and invaders
Red blood cells:
- carry nutrients
- no organelles
how do RBC make ATP
have no mitochandria
uese glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation
what are the three layers on a blood vessel from outtermost to inner
connective tissue, muscle, and epithelium (simple squalmous)
what are differences between artery and a vein - structure wise
artery: more muscle, more elastic
Veins, smaller, and valves
why do capilarries need to have thin walls
for efficient exchange of nutrients
What type of substances move between the blood and tissue via diffusion
- gasses
- small non polar molecules
- ions
- glucose
What type of substances move between the blood and tissue via endocytosis, exocytosis
- macromolecules
- blood proteins
- antibodies
what is oncotic pressure
pressure created by high protein pressure in the blood usually caused by albumin
Albumin is a polar molecule pulling H2O along with it
