16 animal form, function, and homeostasis Flashcards
Which of the flowing is NOT a homeostatic response?
Select one:
A. The brain is damaged when a fever rises above 41o C.
B. The pupils in the eye constrict when looking at a light
C. A child eats all of his Halloween candy when he comes home from trick-or-treating and his blood glucose levels remain stable due to hormonal secretions.
D. The marathon runners are dripping with sweat.
The brain is damaged when a fever rises above 41o C.
The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside the cells is
Select one:
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Smooth muscle
D. Nervous tissue
E. Skeletal muscle
connective Tissue
Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?
Select one:
A. a snake living in Canada
B. a jellyfish
C. a desert bird
D. a desert insect
a desert bird
Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has
Select one:
A. the same surface-to-volume ratio
B. less surface area
C. a greater surface-to volume ratio
D. less surface area per unit of volume
less surface area per unit of volume
An animal’s inputs of energy and materials would exceed it outputs
Select one:
A. If the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate
B. If it is hibernating
C. Never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance
D. If it is actively foraging for food
E. If it is growing and increasing its mass
If it is growing and increasing its mass
comparing a large animal to a small animal
how does the surface area to volume compare
the ratio decreases
What features allow an ameoba, tapeworm and mammal to maximize cellular exchange with their environment
ameoba - small, pseudpods branching = increase SA
tapeworm - long and thin - squalmous epithilial easier for exchange
mammal - large need max cellular exhange with environment - use of folding to increase SA for exchange of gasses, nutrients and waste
What is the benefits to have this big complex body
highly mobile - can escape preditors, highly adaptable
lives in a variety of environment
specialized cells
nutrients from a variety of sources
Define basal metobolic rate
the energy required to maintain basic life functions
Do large animals or small animals have a high metabolic rate
why
small
higher SAévolume rate = higher MET
What is unique about the fat that babies have
brown fat = high mmitochondria
- creates more heat
- babies have a big head high SA to volume ratio
What are ectothermic animals
meaning outside heat
insects, reptiles, fish, amphibians,
warmed by the sun
lower metobolic rate
they wait for their food to come to them therefore don`t need to spend energy hunting
they can tolerate a variety of temperatures by design
When we eat food, what are some of the potential outcomes for our food
- storage for energy or ATP
- nondigestible - waste
- synthesis of organic molecules
- heat
Bioenergetics limit an an animal in terms of what
- Behaviour
- growth
- how fast it grows
- reproduction rate and amount of litter
- food intake amount
define MET rate
amount of energy an animal uses per unit time for all energy required processes
