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HOS Unit 4 > 4 Body Fluids > Flashcards

4 Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Solutes in the body fluid compartments create what?

A

osmotic pressure

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2
Q

What hormone directly controls water homeostasis?

A

ADH- vasopressin

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3
Q

T-F– there is osmotic and non-osmotic control of ADH release?

A

True

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4
Q

Disorders of water homeostasis or disorders of osmoregulation are disorders of the serum _____concentration?

A

Na

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5
Q

What is the total body water percentage in males? in females?

A

60% and 50% of body weight

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6
Q

What is the intracellular fluid vs. extracellular fluid total body water?

A

60% of TBW and 40% of TBW

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7
Q

What is the breakdown of extracellular fluid into percentages with regards to interstitial fluid, plasma, and trancellular?

A

75%, 20%, 5% of ECF

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8
Q

Is Na or K largely intracellular?

A

K…Na is extracellular

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9
Q

What is the typical volume of liters in men of water?

A

42

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10
Q

What is it called when extracellular fluid is shifting to intercellular? about how much at any given time?

A

trancellular—1 liter

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11
Q

Movement of ions across cell membranes is dependent on what?

A

transport proteins

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12
Q

What is the most abundant cation in the ECF?

A

Na—[major determinant of the osmolarity of ECF Posm= 2Na+Glu/18+BUN/2.8=280-290 mosm/kg]

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13
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface?

A

osmotic pressure

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14
Q

T-F–osmotic pressure is proportional to the size, weight and valence of solute particles?

A

False–only to the number of particles

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15
Q

What determines the distribution of water in body fluid compartments?

A

osmotic pressure

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16
Q

What is a homeostatic mech of organisms to reach balance in osmotic pressure?

A

osmoregulation

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17
Q

What prevents the body fluids from becoming too dilute or too concentrated?

A

osmoregulation

18
Q

T-F the ICF and ECF compartments are generally not in osmotic equilibrium?

A

False- they are

19
Q

What is the effect of a solution on the volume of a given cell?

A

tonicity

20
Q

T-F– all substances create an osmotic pressure?

A

False- substances that cross cell membranes do not create osmotic pressure

21
Q

Is urea an ineffective osmole?

A

yes

22
Q

What are the three different types of tonicities in solution?

A

isotonic
hypotonic [water flows into cell]
hypertonic [water flows out of cell]

23
Q

What is the normal intake of water / day?

A

1200 ml

24
Q

Does water intakes only include oral intake?

A

No- also that generated by cell metabolism [also maybe an IV in a hospitalized patient]

25
Q

Besides renal excretion–how else can water leave the body?

A

respiration in lungs and evaporation in the skin– these are known as insensible water loss [also feces—amount increases in diarrhea]

26
Q

is skin, sweat and exhaled air easy to measure in regards to water loss?

A

No- need formulas to estimate

27
Q

Where is ADH synthesized?

A

hypothalamus-supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

28
Q

Where do the secretory granules of ADH travel down axons to?

A

neurohypophysis

29
Q

What is the site of action of ADH?

A

cortical (and medullary) collecting tubule and duct

30
Q

What is diuresis? antidiuresis?

A
  • large volume of urine [dilute]

- small volume of urine [concentrate]

31
Q

What is a separate group of cells located in proximity to thirst center and to supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei main function?

A

Osmoreceptors- sensitive to as little as 1% change in Posm

32
Q

What is the set point for release of ADH?

A

280 mOSm/Kg H2O

33
Q

what are non-osmotic receptors that function to maintain water homeostatis?

A

baroreceptors

34
Q

Where are the low-pressure baro-receptors?

A

Left atrium, lung vasculature

35
Q

Where are the high pressure baroreceptors?

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

36
Q

What fibers carry baroreceptor information?

A

Vagus an Glossopharyngeal nerves.

37
Q

Is sensitivity for baroreceptors higher or lower than that for osmolality?

A

lower

38
Q

Why would sensitivity for baroreceptors be lower than that for osmolality?

A

need to maintain circulating volume supersedes that of osmolality

39
Q

T-f— the volume stimulus for ADH supersedes the osmotic stimulus?

A

TRUE

40
Q

T-F– water is unable to freely move across all body fluid compartments?

A

False- can freely move

HOS Unit 4 (18 decks)

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