#17 Pancreas and salivary glands Flashcards by Jake Evans

what is one major function of the duct epithelial cells in the pancreas?

modify electrolyte content

- secrete fluids

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which two things stimulate pancreatic protein secretion?

CCK, gastin, and ACh

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what function does secretin have on the pancreas?

increase release of HCO3 from the pancreatic ductular cells.

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what are the 3 phases of pancreatic secretion?

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

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How are proteases secreted from the pancreas?

as zymogens

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what activates trysinogen?

enterokinase

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What do salivary acini glands make?

either alpha amylase or mucin

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T/F Salivary and pancreatic glands have a compound (branching) structure?

True

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what is a lobule?

small spherical clusters of acini

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About how many acinar cells are there in each lobule?

15-100 cells

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The central lumen of the acini leads into what?

intercalated (intralobular) duct

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what does the intercalated duct lead into?

non-striated (intralobular) duct

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what is the full duct pathway of the pancreas?

lumen of acini
intercalated duct
nonstriated (intralobar) duct
interlobar duct
main pancreatic duct

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what do acinar cells secrete?

fluid
electrolytes
proteins
(note: in the pancreas these are mainly digestive enzymes, but in the salivatory glands these are amylase and mucin)

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T/F ductal epithelial cells secrete proteins and fluid?

False

They do secrete fluid and electrolytes, but not protein.

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Are there goblet cells in the pancreas?

Yes in the pancreatic duct.

note they are also found in the salivatory ducts

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what is the function of goblet cells in the pancreas and salivatory glands?

lubrication
protection
trapping antigens

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describe the route of proteins moving through a pancreatic acinar cell?

1) rough ER
2) Golgi complex
3) condensing vacuoles
4) zymogen secretory granules
5) exocytosis

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what are the two major receptor that regulate protein secretion of the pancreatic acinar cell?

1) muscarinic ACh receptor

2) CCK receptor

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What do CCK receptors bind?

1) CCK

2) gastrin

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what is the major intracellular second messenger for pancreatic protein secretion?

Ca+

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describe the simplified pathway that results in zymogen release from the pancreatic acinar cells?

1) CCK or ACh receptor activation
2) activation of G protein (G-alpha)
3) This activates phospholipase C and protein kinase C
4) Causes the release of Ca+
5) Activation of protein kinases and phosphatases, because of Ca+ release, leading to exocytosis of zymogens.

what do acinar cells of the pancreas produce?

sodium rich fluid similar to plasma.

What facilitates acinar cell fluid secretion?

active chloride secretion.

with this there is passive movement of sodium and water

what are 2 potent stimulators of Cl- secretion?

CCK and ACh

what is the major function of the pancreatic duct cells?

secretion of bicarbonate rich fluid.

what is the most potent stimulator for secretion of bicarb into the lumen of the duct?

secretin

what is the main function of the CFTR transporter?

It is used to transport Cl- from the cell's cytoplasm into the pancreatic duct. Once in the duct, the Cl- is antiported against bicarb allowing Cl- to once again enter the cell and allowing bicarb to end up in the pancreatic duct.

what combines to form HCO3-?

CO2 + H2O ---->H2CO3------>HCO3 + H+ | This reaction is catalyzed be C.A.

which two channels are major regulatory targets for HCO3- secretion?

1) CFTR | 2) Cl- rectifier channel

T/F CFTR is normally active?

False, it is usually in the closed (inactive) state.

After the CFTR receptor is bound by PKA, the ATP sites are now exposed. What happens when one ATP binds to the CFTR receptor? What about 2 ATP?

1) flickering of periodic opening | 2) With 2 ATP bound, it causes the channel to remain locked open.

What causes the ORCC channel to open?

cAMP and Ca+

What is produced in the pancreas and is packaged along with trypsinogen in secretory granules that limits the possibility of premature activation of trypsin?

Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

The pancrease releases enzymes to break down which structures?

1) carbohydrates (amylase) 2) nucleotides (nuclease) 3) lipids (lipase and colipase) 4) proteins (Peptidase)

What does lithostatine do?

helps prevent stone formation

what does pancreatitis associated protein do?

its bacteriostatic (prevents bacterial growth)

What causes the release of CCK? Which cells?

Lipids in the duodenum from the I cells.

What does CCK do?

works directly on CCK receptor to promote granule release, and indirectly on the parasympathetic NS.

What releases secretin? What stimulates this?

duodenal S cells. | Results from acid in the lumen.

What are the three phases of pancreatic secretion, and their basic components?

1) cephalic phase (sight, smell, taste increases vagal pathways in increases pancreatic secretions up to 50%. 2) Gastric phase (Gastrin from stomach stimulates CCK receptor in pancreas) 3) Intestinal phase (Gastric acid in duodenum stimulates secretin release, and Fats stimulate CCK release)

where are alpha amylase producing cells located?

in the parotid gland

T/F the sublingual glands have mucin producing acinar cells?

True (Bottom of page 7)

T/F The submandibular glands contain a mixture of mucous producing acini cells and amylase producing acini cells?

True

What is the major second messenger in pancreatic acinar cells?

Ca+

What other ion is heavily secreted with HCO3 in pancreatic duct cells? how does this differ from the salivatory ducts?

1) Na+ | 2) In the salivatory ducts the Na+ is reabsorbed.

90% of the saliva comes from 3 places which are?

1) parotid gland 2) submandibular 3) sublingual gland

How much saliva is produced in one day?

1.5 liters

what is serous saliva?

watery saliva with alpha amylase and proline rich proteins.

what produces this serous (watery) saliva?

the parotid gland

what is the function of Proline rich proteins?

antimicrobial lubrication epithelial protection

Which glands produce the seromucous saliva?

sub mandibular and sub lingual glands.

what are the 4 major functions of saliva?

1) lubrication for chewing and swallowing 2) prevent dehydration of oral mucosa 3) Maintain oral hygiene killing bacteria 4) digestion of starches and lipids