4- Bioenergetics Flashcards
- Photosynthesis - Respiration
What is the role of the liver?
• Produce bile - neutralise stomach acid and emulsify lipids
• Detoxifies substances
• Stores glycogen
• Breaks down products - released into blood or excreted into urine via kidneys
• Breaks down worn out cels
What is the role of the liver in respiration?
• Blood transports lactic acid to the liver
• Converted back to glucose
• Broken down in aerobic respiration
• Glucose not absorbed stored as glycogen in the liver
What are the factors affecting photosynthesis?
- Light intensity
- Carbon dioxide concentration
- Temperature
- Amount of chlorophyll
Where is bile produced?
The liver
Where is bile stored?
The gall bladder
What is the function of bile?
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?
- Used for respiration
- Converted into insoluble starch for storage
- Used to produce fat or oil for storage
- Used to produce cellulose which strengthens cell wall
- Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
What is cellular respiration?
- An exothermic reaction which is continuously occuring in living cells
- Supplies all the energy needed for living processes
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H1206 + 02 -> CO2 +H20
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose -> lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is the anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells also known as?
Fermentation
How does the body respond to exercise?
- Increased breathing rate and breath volume
- Increased heart rate
- To supply muscles with ore oxygenated blood
Describe the process of anaerobic respiration.
- Takes place in the muscles when insufficient oxygen is supplied
- Incomplete oxidation of glucose creates a build up of lactic acid and oxygen debt
- Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
How is lactic acid removed from the body?
- Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver
- Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose (and oxygen when oxidised)
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
What is metabolism?
The sum of all reactions in the body
What does metabolism include?
- Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- Formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
-Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea from excretion - Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids for protein synthesis
