4- Bioenergetics

Question 1

What is the role of the liver?

Answer 1

• Produce bile - neutralise stomach acid and emulsify lipids
• Detoxifies substances
• Stores glycogen
• Breaks down products - released into blood or excreted into urine via kidneys
• Breaks down worn out cels

Question 2

What is the role of the liver in respiration?

Answer 2

• Blood transports lactic acid to the liver
• Converted back to glucose
• Broken down in aerobic respiration
• Glucose not absorbed stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 3

What are the factors affecting photosynthesis?

Answer 3

• Light intensity
• Carbon dioxide concentration
• Temperature
• Amount of chlorophyll

Question 4

Where is bile produced?

Answer 4

The liver

Question 5

Where is bile stored?

Answer 5

The gall bladder

Question 6

What is the function of bile?

Question 7

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

Question 8

What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?

Answer 8

• Used for respiration
• Converted into insoluble starch for storage
• Used to produce fat or oil for storage
• Used to produce cellulose which strengthens cell wall
• Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis

Question 9

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 9

• An exothermic reaction which is continuously occuring in living cells
• Supplies all the energy needed for living processes

Question 10

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 11

What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

C6H1206 + 02 -> CO2 +H20

Question 12

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 12

Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 13

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 13

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 14

What is the anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells also known as?

Answer 14

Fermentation

Question 15

How does the body respond to exercise?

Answer 15

• Increased breathing rate and breath volume
• Increased heart rate
• To supply muscles with ore oxygenated blood

Question 16

Describe the process of anaerobic respiration.

Answer 16

• Takes place in the muscles when insufficient oxygen is supplied
• Incomplete oxidation of glucose creates a build up of lactic acid and oxygen debt
• Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 17

How is lactic acid removed from the body?

Answer 17

• Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver
• Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose (and oxygen when oxidised)

Question 18

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 18

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells

Question 19

What is metabolism?

Answer 19

The sum of all reactions in the body

Question 20

What does metabolism include?

Answer 20

• Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
• Formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
  -Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea from excretion
• Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids for protein synthesis