Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > 2-Organisation > Flashcards

2-Organisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the food test for sugars?

A

*Prepare food sample and transfer 5cm^3 to a test tube
*prepare a waterbath set at 75^0c
*Add benedicts solution to test tube using pipette
*leave in water bath for about 5 minutes
*if positive result, will turn green, yellow or brick red, depending on amount present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the food test for starch?

A

*Prepare food sample and transfer 5cm^3 of sample to test tube
*Add iodine solution and gently shake
*If positive result, change from brown-orange to black or blue-black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the food test for protein?

A

*Prepare food sample and transfer 2cm^3 of sample to text tube
*add 2cm^3 biuret solution and gently shake
*If positive, change from blue to purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the food test for Lipids?

A

*Prepare sample and transfer 5cm^3 to a test tube
*add 3 drops of ethanol and shake vigarously
*let contents settle
*If positive, solution appears cloudy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a cell?

A

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an organ?

A

Organs are groups of tissues performing specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an organism?

A

• Organs organised into organ systems
• Working together to form an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

• An organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the ‘lock and key’ theory?

A

• Enzymes and their substrates binding together perfectly like lock and key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is amalyse produced?

A

The pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of amalyse?

A

Digest starch into smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is protease produced?

A

• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of protease?

A

• Breaks down proteins
• Into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

• Pancreas
• Stomach
• Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of lipase?

A

• Breaks down lipids
• Into fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

A

• Convert food into small soluble molecules
• That can be absorbed into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of carbohydrases?

A

• Break down carbohydrates to simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is amalyse?

A

• A carbohydrase
• Breaks down starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the products of digestion used for?

A

• To build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
• Some glucose used in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

• Made in the liver
• Stored in the gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the role of bile?

A

• Alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid in the stomach
• Emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increase SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is bile useful?

A

• Alkaline conditions and large surface area increase rate of fat broken down by lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the heart?

A

• Organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
• Made of cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the role of the right ventricle?

A

Pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the role of the left vernticle?

A
  • Pumps blood around the rest of the body
  • Thicker to withstand higher pressures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the role of the aorta?

A

Pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the role of the Vena cava?

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the role of the Pulmonary artery?

A

Where deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs.

30
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

A

Where oxygenated blood enters the heart from the lungs

31
Q

What is the coronary artery?

A

Arteries that carry blood back to the heart

32
Q

What is the role of the trachea?

A

A tube for air to pass into the lungs

33
Q

What is one adaption of the trachea?

A
  • Contains rings of cartilage
  • To prevent the lungs from collapsing as we inhale
34
Q

What are the bronchi?

A

*The trachea split into two smaller branches
* One of which going into each lung

35
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

The bronchi split into even smaller branches

36
Q

What are alveoli?

A
  • Small sacks at the end of the bronchioles
  • Where gas exchange takes place
37
Q

How do the alveoli carry out gas exchange?

A
  • Release oxygen from red blood cells which diffuses into the body cells
  • At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses out of the body cells and carried back to the lungs
38
Q

How is alveoli adapted for maximum rate of gas exchage?

A
  • Steep concentration gradient of oxygen rich blood from the lungs to low concentration of oxygenated blood
  • Thin walls for shorter diffusion pathway
  • Large surface ares to increase rate of diffusion
  • As there’s a larger surface for the particles to diffuse from
39
Q

Describe how the heart pumps blood to the lungs and rest of the body.

A
  • enters heart via vena cava
  • Passes through right atrium and is pumped to right ventricle
  • Exits heart through pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs
  • Becomes oxygenated in the lungs
  • Re-enters heart via pulmonary vien
  • Passes through left atrium and left venticle
  • Oxygenated blood pumped from heart to the rest of the body
40
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

41
Q

What viens do?

A

Carry blood to the heart

42
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Involved in exchange of gases at the tissues

43
Q

Describe arteries.

A

*Contain thick layers of muscle
* To withstand high pressures
* Smaller lumen

44
Q

Describe viens.

A
  • Contain thin layers of muscle
  • As they dont need to withstand high pressures
  • Larger lumen to increase blood flow
  • Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
45
Q

Describe Capillaries.

A
  • Supply food and oxygen and take away C02
  • One cell thick to decrease diffusion disance
  • Carry blood very close to cells to exchange substances with them
46
Q

What is the function of blood plasma?

A
  • To carry substances around the body such as;
    -glucose and amino acids from digestion
    -Carbon dioxide
    -Urea
    -Hormones
    -Protiens
47
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A
  • To help clot the blood
48
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A
  • Engulf and destroy pathogens
  • Produce antibodies to attack microorganisms
  • Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
49
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A
  • Carry oxygen around the body
  • Biconcave disc to increase surface area
  • No nucleus to carry more oxygen
  • Contain haemoglobin that bind to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin then release oxygen at cells
50
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A
  • Fatty materials build up inside coronary arteries
  • Causing them to narrow
  • Reducing blood flow
  • So less oxygen for the heart muscle
51
Q

What are stents for?

A

Used to keep coronary arteries open

52
Q

What are statins used for?

A

To reduce blood cholesterol and slow down rate of fatty material deposits

53
Q

What are the consequences of leaky valves?

A
  • Causes breathlessness
  • Leads to death if untreated
  • Can be replaced with mechanical valves or biological valves
54
Q

What are the benefits of mechanical valves?

A

They last a very long time

55
Q

What are the drawbacks of mechanical valves?

A

Need to take drugs for the rest of patients life to prevent blood from clotting around it

56
Q

What are the benefits of biological valve replacements?

A
  • Work extremely well
  • Dont need to take medication
57
Q

What are the drawbacks of biological valve replacements?

A

Only last 12-15 years

58
Q

What is the definition of health?

A

State of physical and mental well-being

59
Q

What causes ill-health?

A
  • Disease
  • Diet
  • Stress
  • Life situations
60
Q

How does immune system defects interact with other disease?

A

Makes an individual more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

61
Q

How does a virus interact with other diseases?

A

Viruses living in cells can be the trigger for cancers

62
Q

How do pathogens react with other diseases?

A

Immune reactions initially caused by pathogens can trigger allergies such as rashes and asthma

63
Q

How does severe physical ill health interact with other diseases?

A

Can lead to depression and other mental illness

64
Q

What is the role of the xylem?

A

transports water and minerals up the plant, through the stem into the leaves as part of the transpiration stream

65
Q

Describe the structure of the xylem.

A
  • No end walls
  • Made up of dead cells
  • Walls thickened with lignin
66
Q

What is the role of the phloem?

A

transports food substances and products of photosynthesis around the plant (up and down) e.g growing plants of the plant, storage organs (bulbs) via translocation

67
Q

Describe the structure of the phloem?

A
  • sieve plates/pores in end walls
  • living cells
  • contains cytoplasm
68
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The movement of water out of the leaves via the xylem

69
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of sugar produced in photosynthesis around the plant via the phloem

70
Q

What are the factors affecting transpiration?

A
  • Temperature
  • Humidity (decrease)
  • Air movement e.g wind
  • Light intensity

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions