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Chemistry > 4(b) Crude Oil > Flashcards

4(b) Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

Crude Oil

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

How is crude oil seperated?

A

Fractional Distillation seperates crude oil into fractions

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3
Q

Trends in Fractionating Column (as yu go down the column)

A

Molecule size, temperature, viscocity, colour INCREASE

Volatility, flammability DECREASE

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4
Q

Order of Fractionating Column

A

Rare Girl Katie Doesn’t Feed Bitches

Refinery Gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

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5
Q

Uses of Refinery Gases

A

Domestic Heating
Never condense (removed as vapour)

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6
Q

Uses of Gasoline

A

Petrol for cars

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7
Q

Uses of Kerosene

A

Fuel for aircrafts

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8
Q

Uses of Diesel

A

Fuel for some cars

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9
Q

Uses of Fuel Oil

A

Industrial oil

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10
Q

Uses of Bitumen

A

Road Construction
(never reaches its boiling point -> drained off)

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11
Q

How does a fractionating column work?

A

If a substance is above its boiling point, it will move up the column until the temp. lowers, where it will condense

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12
Q

Fuel

A

A substance when burned releases energy

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13
Q

Complete Combustion

A

In excess supply of oxygen

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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14
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A

In restricted supply of oxygen

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Monoxide + Water + (carbon + carbon dioxide)

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15
Q

What is carbon monoxide?

A

Poisonous, reduces capacity of blood to transport oxygen

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16
Q

What happens in car engines?

A

Temperature are high enough for nitrogen and oxygen in air to react to form nitrogen oxides

17
Q

How is sulfur dioxide formed

A

Combustion of hydrocarbons containing impurities

18
Q

What do nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides contribute to?

A

Acid rain

19
Q

Cracking

A

When less useful hydrocarbons are cracked into useful hydrocarbons

20
Q

Process of Cracking

A

Long - chain alkanes -> short - chain alkanes + alkenes

21
Q

Conditions for Cracking

A

Catalyst: silica or alumina
Temperature: 600-700

22
Q

Why do oil companies carry out cracking?

A

Balance between supply and demand

To produce more petrol
To produce for alkenes for polymers (plastics)

23
Q

Why is cracking needed for supply + demand?

A
  • Too many long chain alkanes which are not in demand/not profitable to sell
  • Not enough short - chain alkanes that can be used for cars

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