1(a) States of Matter Flashcards
Solids
- Regular Arrangement
- Vibrate around in fixed positions
- Strong bonds/forces of attraction
Liquids
- Random arrangement
- Particles can slide over eachother
- Weaker bonds/forces of attraction
Gases
- Random arrangement
- Particles have lots of K.E.
- Negligible bonds/forces of attraction
States of Matter: Solid to Liquid
Melting
States of Matter: Liquid to Gas
Boiling
States of Matter: Gas to liquid
Condensing
States of Matter: Liquid to solid
Freezing
States of Matter: Solid to Gas
Sublimation
States of Matter: Gas to Solid
Decomposition
Solvent
Liquid in which a solute dissolves
Solute
Dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
Solution
Mixture when a solute has dissolved in a solvent
Saturated Solution
Solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved
Solubility
Grams/solute that will dissolve in 100g of water
Maximum mass of solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent at a particular temperature.
Solubility Curves
- When temp. increases, solubility of solid increases
- When pressure increases, solubility of gas increases
Practical: Investigating the solubility of a solid in water
- Weigh evaporating basin
- Heat boiling tube containing water to 40 degrees then add potassium nitrate to it and stir rapidly until no more of it will dissolve (there will be some undissolved solid).
- Let it cool then pour the solution into the evaporating basin (without the solid)
- Weigh evaporating basin and contents
- Heat evaporating basin + contents gently (to avoid spitting of solution) to evaporate all the water
- Reweigh evaporating basin and contents
- Heat again, to make sure all water has evaporated (heat to constant mass)
- Reweigh
How to find the solubility of a substance in 100g of solvent
mass of solute/mass of solvent x 100
