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CVD > 4. Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

4. Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are adrenergic agonists also known as?

A

Sympathomimetics

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2
Q

What receptors does adrenaline work on?

A

Both a and B adrenoceptors

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3
Q

What are the actions of adrenaline?

A

Vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulant
Increase systolic BP through B1
Dilate vessels in skeletal muscle through B2

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4
Q

What receptors does noradrenaline work on?

A

a1 and a2, some action at B1

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5
Q

What are the actions of noradrenaline?

A

Increase peripheral resistance, which increases both systolic and diastolic BP

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6
Q

Name a selective a1 agonist?

A

Phenylephrine

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7
Q

What are the uses of phenylephrine?

A

Vasoconstriction and increased BP

Vasopressors, nasal decongestant, pupil dilatation

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8
Q

Name a B-adrenoceptor agonist?

A

Salbutamol

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9
Q

What are the actions of salbutamol?

A

Vaso and broncho dilatation

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10
Q

Why is salbutamol not used as an anti-hypertensive?

A

Reduced blood pressure causes reflex tachycardia

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11
Q

What are adrenoceptor antagonists also known as?

A

Sympatholytics

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12
Q

Name an a-receptor antagonist?

A

Phenoxybanzamide

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13
Q

How does phenoxybanzamide work?

A

Binds irreversibly to receptor
Inhibits recycling of NA
Causes vasodilation at a1 so lowers BP

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14
Q

Name a non-selective a-receptor antagonist

A

Phentolamine

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15
Q

Why are non-selective a-receptor antagonists no longer used?

A

They induce tachycardia, dysrhythmias and increase GI activity

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16
Q

What are selective a1 antagonists used for?

A

Treat hypertension

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17
Q

What are the side effects of a1 antagonists?

A

Postural hypotension

Impotence

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18
Q

Name 2 b-receptor antagonists

A

Propanolol

Atenolol

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19
Q

What are b-receptor antagonists used for?

A

Arrhythmias
Angina
MI and post-MI

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20
Q

What side effects are associated with atenolol?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia
Cardiac Failure

21
Q

What are the types of nicotinic receptor?

A

Nm at neuromuscular junction

Nn at regions with neurotransmitters

22
Q

Which muscarinic receptors increase and decrease cell excitability?

A

M1, 3, 5 increase

M2, 4 decrease

23
Q

What enzyme breaks down ACh?

A

ACh esterase

Hydrolysed rapidly, choline is recycled and acetyl CoA from glycolysis used

24
Q

Describe the structure of nicotinic receptors

A

Ligand gated ion channels

Pentameric

25
Q

What does binding of ACh to a nicotinic receptor cause?

A

Influx of Na+ and efflux of K+

Release of intracellular Ca++

26
Q

What pathway is utilised by M1, 3, 5?

A

Inositol triphosphate

27
Q

What pathway is utilised by M2, 4?

A

Inhibit adenylate cyclase

28
Q

Where are M1 receptors found?

A

Neural

29
Q

Where are M2 receptors found?

A

Cardiac

30
Q

Where are M3 receptors found?

A

Glands

31
Q

Name an M3 agonist

A

Pilocarpine

32
Q

What is the function of pilocarpine

A

Increase exocrine gland secretion

Used in glaucoma to help drain excess aqueous humor

33
Q

What effect does nicotine have?

A

Nicotinic agonist at low doses

Causes vasoconstriction which increases BP

34
Q

How do anti-AChE drugs work?

A

Prevent the breakdown of ACh

35
Q

What drug is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?

A

Edrophonium

Causes eyelid weakness to be temporarily relieved

36
Q

Name an anti-AChE drug that is used as a war gas?

A

Sarin

Causes SLUDGE syndrome

37
Q

What is used as an antidote to sarin?

A

Atropine

38
Q

What are the effects of anti-AChE drugs?

A

Parasympathetic effects

Increase muscle twitch

39
Q

What are cholinergic receptor antagonists used for?

A 
Control bradycardia
Dilate pupil
Treat asthma
Control saliva
Slow GIT
Anti-emesis
40
Q

Name a drug which is a competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

A

Atropine

41
Q

Name a selective M3 antagonist used in COPD and asthma

A

Ipatropium

42
Q

Name an M3 antagonist used to treat urinary incontinence

A

Darifenacin

43
Q

Name an M1 antagonist used to treat peptic ulcers

A

Pirenzepine

44
Q

What are ganglionic blocking agents?

A

Block ACh at nicotinic receptors

Have some use in hypertension

45
Q

What can neuromusclar blocking agents be divided into?

A

Depolarising and non-depolarising

46
Q

What are neuromuscular blocking agents used for?

A

Relax muscles in conjunction with anaesthesia

47
Q

How does botulin toxin work?

A

Blocks ACh release

48
Q

Name a selective a2 agonist

A

Clonidine

CVD (22 decks)

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