21. Valve Disease Flashcards
Where are aortic murmurs best heard?
Right second intercostal space
What factors make aortic murmurs louder?
Expiration
Leaning forward
What type of valve disease causes the apex beat to be displaced inferior and laterally?
Aortic regurgitation
What can reduce the sound of a murmur caused by aortic regurgitation?
Valsalva manoeuvre
Which medications slow the heart rate?
B-blockers
Ca channel blockers
Digoxin
Which medications are used in unstable heart block?
Atropine
Dopamine
Dobutaline
Which medications are used in chemical cardioversion?
Amiodarone
Propafenone
Flecainide
Sotalol
What is the treatment for supraventricular tachycardia?
Vagal manoeuvres
Adenosine
Amiodarone
Electrical cardioversion if unstable
What is the treatment for stable ventricular tachycardia?
Chemical cardioversion
What is the treatment for unstable ventricular tachycardia with a pulse?
Synchronised electrical cardioversion followed by an antiarrhythmic
What is the treatment for unstable ventricular tachycardia without a pulse?
CPR, unsynchronised defib
Adrenaline
Amiodarone
What drugs are used in the short term treatment of heart failure?
Diuretic
Vasodilation
Digoxin
What effect does digoxin have on the Frank-Starling curve?
Shifts up and to the left
What is the MOA of digoxin?
Inhibit Na/K which causes an increase in contractility
Increase vagal nerve activity which slows conduction
Long term treatment post-MI?
ACEi
Beta blocker
statin
dual antiplatelet
