16. Heart Failure

Question 1

Classify heart failure

Answer 1

A. risk of developing heart failure without structural heart disease
B. Structural heart disease without symptoms of heart failure
C. Symptoms of HF associated with underlying structural defects
D. End stage HF

Question 2

What are the risk factors for developing heart failure?

Answer 2

Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia
Diabetes
Smoking
Family history

Question 3

What is the biomarker for heart failure?

Answer 3

BNP

Question 4

What is the use of an echo in heart failure?

Answer 4

Assess severity of ventricular disease
Check for valve lesions
PA pressure, RA pressure and wedge pressure

Question 5

What complications are associated with heart failure?

Answer 5

Atrial and ventricular fib
Sudden death
Cardiogenic shock and renal insufficiency
Thromboembolism

Question 6

What drugs can make heart failure worse?

Answer 6

Calcium channel blockers
NSAIDs
Anti-arrhythmics
Anti-TNF
Chemo

Question 7

What is the treatment for acute heart failure?

Answer 7

Sit up
Give 60-100% oxygen
Treat arrhythmia
Morphine
Furosemide (diuretic)
Nitroglycerin