4- Acids and bases Flashcards
What happens to an acid when added to water?
Acids have the ability to produce H+ ions when added to water
(The strength of an acid is measured by how many of these ions it produces)
What happens to a base when added to water?
bases produce OH- ions when added to water
5 acids in everyday life
HCl: Hydrochloric acid H2CO3: Carbonic acid CH3COOH: Acetic acid/Acetate Lactic acid Citric acid
3 bases in everyday life
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
what is the Arrhenius Acid-Base Theory?
acids have the following properties:
Produces H+ ion in water
Are electrolytes, because they produce hydrogen ions (H+ = protons) in water
Have a sour taste and turn litmus indicator paper red
HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
bases according to arrhenius acid-base theory
bases have the following properties:
Produce hydroxide ions (OH−) in water
Are electrolytes, because they produce hydroxide ions (OH−) in water
Taste bitter or chalky
Feel soapy and slippery, turn litmus indicator paper blue
KOH (aq) → K+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
What is an acid?
an acid is a substance that donates H+
what is a base?
A base is a substance that accepts H+
equilibrium of hydrogen ion transfer
HF (aq) + H2O (l) ⇋ H3O+ (aq) + F- (aq)
only strong acids or strong bases go to completion
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
Conjugate acid-base pair is when an acid and a base that differ from each other through the loss or gain of a proton (H+).
strength of acid and conjugate base rule?
The stronger the acid the weaker the conjugate base
The weaker the acid the stronger the conjugate base
strength of base and conjugate acid rule?
The stronger the base the weaker the conjugate acid
The weaker the base the stronger the conjugate acid
strong base/acid lies far to the left or right of an equation?
right
what is a neutralisation reaction?
the chemical reaction between an acid and a hydroxide base in which salt and water are the products.
The salt formed in a neutralisation reaction is the combination of…?
..the anion (e.g. Cl-) from the acid and the cation (e.g. Na+) from the base.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
equation for solutions
Acidic solution: [H3O+] > [OH–]
Basic solution: [H3O+] < [OH–]
Neutral solution: [H3O+] = [OH–]
the levels of H3O+ and OH- determine if a solution is more acidic or alkaline
The more H3O+ present the more acidic the solution — Many of H+ available to donate
The less H3O+ present the more alkaline the solution — Not many of H+ available to donate
The less OH- present the more acidic the solution — Not many OH- available to accept H+
The more OH- present the more alkaline the solution — Many OH- available to accept H+
What is the range of a pH test?
0-14
7 = neutral
7> =acidic
7< = alkaline (basic)
what is a buffer?
A buffer is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base
When there is a buffer in a solution, the pH is maintained.
This means that the pH does not change when acids or bases are added.
normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
what is acidosis?
a lowering of the pH of the blood
H2CO3 is a weak acid that will release a small amount of H+ into the blood, which increases the amount of H3O+ in the blood.
what is alkalosis?
A raising of the pH of the blood
A lowering of the CO2 level due to hyperventilation leads to a high blood pH
what does pH mean?
potential of hydrogen
2 blood buffers?
bicarbonate and phosphate buffers
