4 Flashcards
Akkadian rule came to an end as __, invaded and took control.
About fifty years later, however, the cities of __
were able to reassert control, and a __
ruler was established as the __
the Guti, barbarous
mountaineers;Sumer; neo-sumerian; king of ur
gateway
to the great ziggurat of the temple of __
Bel; ishtar gate
the great persian palace of __ reflected __ influence
persepolis; egyptian
vault
arch-shaped structure that is used as a ceiling or as
a support to a roof
Romanesque
style. Consequently, window and door openings
were usually kept quite small and were often decorated
with carvings and relief sculpture.
ribbed vaults
a framework of thin
stone ribs or arches built under the intersection of
the vaulted sections of the ceiling
flying buttresses
additional
bracing material and arches placed on the
exterior of the building
Giotto di
Bondone what period?
gothic –> renaissance
A key advance visible in Giotto’s works
is his use of a
simple perspective
ghiberti’s 2nd set of door panels was called __ by __
Michelangelo called
‘ them the “Gates of Paradise,”
founder of modern sculpture.
donatello
which 2 artists
renaissance –> baroque
el greco and tintoretto
Hans Holbein the Younger was whose court painter?
King Henry
VIII of England
who depicted virgin mary and apostles in threadbare garments
caravaggio
phillip johnson
at one time
was known as one of the leading modern architects
of the International Style. suggested the radical
idea that one of the functions of art was decoration,
and with the ATnT (now Sony) Building (1984), he
added a finial to the top of the standard office tower
how long is great wall
2000 mi
what
often astonishes people unfamiliar with the art of
India is the influence of
Greek art on the classical
images of Buddha
Many African
cultural groups, such as the __ and the __,
are well-known for their impressive masks
dan, bwa
In Polynesia, __ were important ways of expressing
social stature
tattooing
and other body arts
Asmat belonged to
Melanesia
The standards for the relationship of the various
parts of the human face and body were established
nearly 2,500 years ago during the Classical
Period of Greek sculpture
which 2 printmaking processes are opposite
intaglio and relief
etching.
In this process,
the design is incised through a layer of wax or varnish
applied to the surface of a metal plate. After the
incising, the plate is immersed in acid, which etches,
or eats away, the exposed metal
screen printing – ink is forced thru fabric using __
squeegee
encaustic
colored molten wax is fused with the surface
via the application of hot irons
michelangelo’s __ is a __
pieta; freestanding sculpture
basilica of st-sernin is what style
gothic
cologne cathedral is what style
gothic
which perspective did giotto di bondone use and how?
simple; by overlapping figures and modeling them in the round to create a stage-like illusion
name four types of etruscan artwork
tomb paintings, baked clay forms, brick and wooden buildings, sarcophagus lids
romans used __ to honor emperors and military victories
triumphal arches
minoan primary art forms? (2)
pottery, palace frescoes
cycladic primary art forms? (2)
geometric female nude figures, marble bowls and jars
mycenaeans primary art forms (2)
elabroate tombs, relief sculpture
stonehenge inner ring uses
bluestone
which stongehenge rows use sarsen?
outermost ring and horseshoe-shaped row
greek and roman columns consist of which 4
base, shaft, capital, entablature
what rests on top of column
entablature
burnisher
used in printmaking; forces ink onto paper
brayer
rolls ink over plate’s surface
The first Sub-Saharan objects appeared
in the West in the
1400s. 15th cent
the most ancient
African objects have been discovered in the
__ region of the continent
southern (and eastern)
4 special points about EASTERN africa
- provides the
earliest evidence anywhere in the world of the development
of distinctive human activity - home to the two tallest mountains
in Africa; - most culturally and
ethnically diverse of the African regions we will discuss - where foreign religious systems took hold on the continent
mt kilimanjaro in which country
tanzania
third ancient western european cave?
pech-merle
african vs european cave art
A: shallow, open rock shelters; small; much more commonly suggest narrative scenes; we have more info on them b/c records of the lives of the Bushmen
who created them were collected in the 1870s, when
the last artists were still alive and working
E: deep; large
“pecking” technique produced
animal representations
stone age petroglyphs: near what mountain
brandberg
stone age petroloyphs: which 5 most common
elephants, rhinoceroses, zebras, antelopes, giraffes (316/2500)
In addition to the animal
forms, imagery at Twyfelfontein includes a handful
of human images – how many
27
stone age petroglyphs: order and size and orientation
left to right, large to small
giraffe, lion, rhino; right
stone age petroglyphs: what figure is directly right of giraffe head
horse-like
feline species have __ digits
4
great bantu migration began when and where
1000 bce; chad and cameroon; spread EAST and SOUTH; reached southernmost tip 300 ce
which 2 crops associated w/ great bantu migration
asian banana, yam
who found lydenburg heads
schoolboy
lydenburg head animal feature
snout
lydenburg eye shape ; ear shape
cowrie shells; simple crescent
lydenburg animal form
an additional
stud of clay at the topmost portion of the head.
This appears to have been sculpted into the form
of an animal. It is possible that this depicts a lion
which material is unusual in trad african architecture
stone
shona refers to
peoples
who settled the plateau south of the Zambezi
River in Southern Africa
oldest section on grt zimb
hill ruin
sparkly thing in exf granite
micas
The region of ancient Nubia corresponds to present-day
Egypt, the Sudan, and Ethiopia
lyre from where
northern sudan
angle of wooden arms in lyre
45
lyre arm strap
braided red cotton thread
lyre strings
twisted gut
lyre: several of the coins are \_\_ with \_\_ inscriptions (many dated to \_\_), while three of the coins are \_\_ -- one a halfpenny dated \_\_ with\_\_ and two smaller coins dated \_\_.
several of the coins are
Sudanese with Arabic inscriptions (many dated to
1899), while three of the coins are British-one a
halfpenny dated 1861 with the head of Queen Victoria
and two smaller coins dated 1832.
lyre decor
coins, cowrie shells, wooden prayer
rosaries, a leather-bound Koranic amulet, two brass
bells, decorative mounts from a dagger, a round
key-hole escutcheon plate, and possibly the trigger
mechanism from a gun
africa takes up __ of earth’s landmass
1/4
cultural groups on southern africa (5)
san, zulu, swazi, sotho, shona
shona people settled in present day
zimbabwe, zambia, mozambique. on plateau south of zambezi river
back of lydenburg head has what patterning
crosshatching
geometric forms in african rock shelters dated from
1300 bce
animal forms in african rock shelters are how old
6000 years
lydenburg head: how were facial features created?
modeling
shona people were united
geographically (and to a lesser extent, linguisically)
central africa was the center of
v powerful kingdoms like lunda empire and kingdom of kongo
central africa cultural groups
bantu speaking
A Geographical History of Af
rica language
1550 - published in italian
1600 - english
what culture did leo africanus mention had a rich king
Tombuto
how was central africa divided among european powers
French - north (republic of congo)
Belgium - central (democratic republic of congo)
Porgutal - south (angola)
congo free state established in __; official gov control estabslihed in __
1885; 1908
nkondi -- the carved details at the top of the head indicate \_\_ The cap's patterning "symbolizes \_\_," while the knot at the crown "marks the '\_\_' that allows the \_\_
the carved
details at the top of the head indicate a type of cap
worn by the chief. The cap’s patterning “symbolizes
ancient, esoteric wisdom,” while the knot at the
crown “marks the ‘naval of the head’ that allows the
passage of supernatural secrets to the chief
nkondi eyes
The
eyes are emphasized, with half-circles of white shell
to indicate the sclera and studs of metal to represent
the iris.
This nkondi was collected by __. It is attributed to a late nineteenth-century
master sculptor working in the
__ area.
missionary E. Visser. Shiloango River
the Fang are ___ that make up the __ ethnic group
1 of 20; beti pahuin
great bieri shape
teardrop
great bieri – eyes
indicated by circular disks of metal
who maintained nsek bieri
An elder man
in the clan, who in his age was seen as being closer to
the dead
trace ownership of great bieri
- chilean poet vincente huidobro
- french art dealer Paul Guillame
- british sculptor Jacob Epstein
- Robert Goldwater bought epstein’s collection after the latter’s death; sold to museum of primitive art
- transferred to the met
Early rock paintings of the _ and _ (now in the middle of the __), clearly show masking and masquerade
activities
Early rock paintings of the Tassili-N-Ajjer
and Hoggar (now in the middle of the Sahara
Desert), clearly show masking and masquerade
activities
The Chokwe were originally one of the clans of
the
lunda empire
hunting is impt to which african group
chokwe
Willett’s culture
Ife
Fagg’s culture
Nok
Shaw’s culture
Igbo Ukwu
ivory pieces were given as gifts to rulers throughout
europe during the renaissance period
Today the Yombe are organized into
__ major clans
nine
finial image
a figure, seated with crossed legs. In one hand
he holds a horn or short scepter, and in the other an
object which he raises to his mouth. he’s chewing
1st european culture to contact cameroon grasslands
germany
original bamun palace ground plan
irregular trapezoid
palace – __ with __
medieval
chateau with vaguely Islamic flourishes
how might a reliquary’s sculpted head be repurposed for ritual activity?
add feathers and collars; head would act as a puppet
which animal best symbolizes african kingship?
leopard
pwo’s cheek designs indicate
ethnic identitiy
great bieri’s most striking feature
broad forehead
masquerade performers tend to hold
rattles, fly-whisks, weapons
FINIAL figure wears (3)
headdress, necklace, belt
what architectural form does PALACE feature
arches
FINIAL figure holds
1 hand - horn/scepter
other hand - hold something to mouth
NAIL FIG originlly had
beard, straw hat
__ and __
maintained minor strongholds in West Africa, it was
__, and to a lesser degree __, that dominated
the region during the colonial era
Portugal and Germany
maintained minor strongholds in West Africa, it was
France, and to a lesser degree England, that dominated
the region during the colonial era
For many years prior, British employees of
the __ Company had been purchasing ingots
of tin at various trading centers in the __ Inspired to discover the source of this tin,
expeditions were sent into northern Nigeria, led by
men such as the __. The eventual discovery of rich ore deposits
led to the establishment of a __ in the region, centered on the __. Much of this activity occurred
around the village of __.
For many years prior, British employees of
the Royal Niger Company had been purchasing ingots
of tin at various trading centers in the Benue
Valley. Inspired to discover the source of this tin,
expeditions were sent into northern Nigeria, led by
men such as the English mining engineer Henry William
Laws. The eventual discovery of rich ore deposits
led to the establishment of a robust tin-smelting
industry in the region, centered on the Shere Hills
of the Jos plateau. Much of this activity occurred
around the village of Nok.
1st intact nok sculpture found by
colonel J Dent Young
__
appears to be the cradle of the first important tradition
of figurative sculpture of sub-Saharan Africa
the Republic of Nigeria
1st igbo ukwu items discovered by
isaiah anozie
According to the British Museum, the bowl was
donated by
f.w. carpenter
fw carpenter position
District Commissioner for the Awka region in Nigeria
linear elements of kings face represent
veil
brass head is 1 of __ discovered at
Wunmonije Compound
who led punitive exp & how many men involved
admiral sir henry rawson
1200
benin city old name
edo
benin king
oba
yoruba king
oni
PLAQUE medium
copper alloy
asante inddpendence year
1935
12-15th cent. ife was
trade center
how was asante military powerful
managed to ward off colonial activity for significant amount of time
which ppl 1st cast bronze sculptures in 13th cent
edo
anatsui’s 2nd metal
milk tins
el anatsui currently works in
ghana
drum pulibhshed
images of apartheid
3 assemblage artists
stankiewicz, chamberlain, bontecou
kane kwei 1st worked as
furniture maker
great bieri distinction
largest of its type
