4/3 & 4/8-Speech Sound Disorders

Question 1

What are speech sound disorders (SSD)?

Answer 1

-classification of speech delays and impairments in children and adults

Question 2

Is SSD only a primary disability?

Answer 2

no, it’s also a secondary disability.

it can be classified in two ways:

• primary=Only SSD
• secondary=co-occurring with another disorder (ie: Cerebral palsy)

Question 3

True or False: SSD generally is a primary disability, therefore it doesn’t have high co-morbity rates.

Answer 3

FALSE!

it has high co-morbity rates

Question 4

In terms of severity ratings how are they classified in terms of children?

Answer 4

-degree to which communication is BELOW age expectancy

Question 5

in terms of severity ratings, how are they classified in terms of adults?

Answer 5

-degree to which communication is affecting daily functioning.

Question 6

What are 4 different types of qualitative ratings?

Answer 6

• mild
• moderate
• severe
• profound

Question 7

What are the etiological factors that we must look at in terms of speech sound disorders?

Answer 7

• perceptual (are they hearing the sound?)
• phonetic (are they appropriately using their articulators to produce that sound?)
• phonological (looking @ this child’s understanding of the sound system w/in the language)
• motoric (how well the child is able to coordinate their structures to produce phrases, sentences, etc–different from phonetics)
• structural (cleft palate, occlusions–are oral motor structures intact?)

Question 8

What is the the therapy focus for perceptual sensory deficit?

Answer 8

speech and language development

Question 9

What are three “general” speech sound disorder categories?

Answer 9

• phonological deficit
• articulation deficit
• motor speech deficit

Question 10

In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a phonological deficit?

Answer 10

• often unitelligible

- involves multiple class sounds

Question 11

In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a articulation deficit?

Answer 11

• more phonetic based
• intelligible
• residual errors

Question 12

In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a motor-speech deficit?

Answer 12

• developmental–children

- acquired–children/adults

Question 13

What is the clinical presentation of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 13

-multiple errors and highly unintelligible

Question 14

What are the speech errors of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 14

• simplification patterns of sound classes

- persistent beyond age expectancy

Question 15

What is the treatment focus of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 15

• teach production of sound classes
• contrast productions using minimal pairs
• accompany language remediation
• teaching of minimal pairs

Question 16

what are minimal pairs?

Answer 16

set of words that vary only by one phoneme

Question 17

What can we use to develop discrimination skills with children who have a phonological deficit?

Answer 17

use contrastive function of phonemes

for example: 
ICD-"mat" vs. "at" "bin" vs. "in" 
FCD-"boat" vs. "bow"
Fronting-"cap" vs. "tap" 
Backing-"top" vs. "cop" 
Deaffrication-"chip" vs. "sip" 
vowels-"tip" vs. "top"

Question 18

What is the clinical presentation of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 18

• a. residual errors and minimal intelligibility concerns

- b. speech errors due to structural issues

Question 19

What are the common speech errors of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 19

• omissions, additions, substitutions

- majority who have articulation disorders have substitution errors

Question 20

What is the treatment focus of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?

Answer 20

-teach positioning/movement of articulators for production of target speech sounds

Question 21

What neurological evidence is there for a DEVELOPMENTAL motor speech disorder?

Answer 21

• absence of brain injury

- there is no evidence!

Question 22

What is the clinical presentation of a developmental motor speech disorder?

Answer 22

-speech motor planning

Question 23

What are the speech errors commonly made for somebody who has a developmental motor speech disorder?

Answer 23

• omissions
• substitutions
• vowel distortions
• inconsistencies in productions

Question 24

In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to omissions?

Answer 24

• Initial consonant deletion
• final consonant deletion
• deaffrication
• cluster reductions
• weak syllable deletions

Question 25

What other phonological processes do children with developmental motor speech disorder experience?

Answer 25

• metathesis

- dimunitization

Question 26

What is metathesis?

Answer 26

child alters the sound sequence in a word

(pasghetti instead of spaghetti)

*Very common in kids w/ developmental apraxia of speech

Question 27

What is Dimunitization?

Answer 27

child adds a vowel @ the end of a word (ball become bali)

*very common in kids w/ developmental apraxia of speech

Question 28

In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to substitutions?

Answer 28

fronting

backing

depalatalization

Question 29

In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to vowel distortions?

Answer 29

any vowel substitutions

reduplication of diphthongs

*very common in children with developmental apraxia of speech

Question 30

In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to inconsistent productions?

Answer 30

• variability in saying same sound

* very common in children with developmental apraxia

Question 31

What is the treatment focus for Developmental Motor Speech disorders?

Answer 31

• repetitive practice of production of varying syllable sequences
• this is very different than articulation therapy!!
• articulation is about specific sound development, whereas motor speech disorder therapy is focused on sequencing of sound the client ALREADY knows

Question 32

What neurological evidence is present for people who have ACQUIRED speech motor disorder?

Answer 32

• presence of brain injury

* most common is stroke!

Question 33

What is the clinical presentation of somebody with acquired speech motor disorder?

Answer 33

• difficulty with one or more phases of speech production

- speech motor planning

Question 34

What two disorders fall under the category of speech motor disorder?

Answer 34

acquired apraxia of speech

dysarthria

Question 35

What Speech errors occur for people who have acquired speech motor disorder?

Answer 35

• omissions
• substitutions
• vowel distortions
• inconsistencies in production

Question 36

What is the treatment focus for people with acquire speech motor disorder?

Answer 36

• repetitive practice of automatic speech
• repetitive practice of production of varying syllables

(must conquer first one before able to do second one!)

Question 37

Once we’ve established automatic speech in treatment with people with acquired speech motor disorder (apraxia), what do we work on?

Answer 37

-we move on to working on the varying syllable shapes so we try to get them to speak in multisyllabic words

Question 38

What are the potential consequences and impact of speech impairment on activities and participation in the home, school, and community?

Answer 38

(-theoretical question!!!)