4/3 & 4/8-Speech Sound Disorders Flashcards
What are speech sound disorders (SSD)?
-classification of speech delays and impairments in children and adults
Is SSD only a primary disability?
no, it’s also a secondary disability.
it can be classified in two ways:
- primary=Only SSD
- secondary=co-occurring with another disorder (ie: Cerebral palsy)
True or False: SSD generally is a primary disability, therefore it doesn’t have high co-morbity rates.
FALSE!
it has high co-morbity rates
In terms of severity ratings how are they classified in terms of children?
-degree to which communication is BELOW age expectancy
in terms of severity ratings, how are they classified in terms of adults?
-degree to which communication is affecting daily functioning.
What are 4 different types of qualitative ratings?
- mild
- moderate
- severe
- profound
What are the etiological factors that we must look at in terms of speech sound disorders?
- perceptual (are they hearing the sound?)
- phonetic (are they appropriately using their articulators to produce that sound?)
- phonological (looking @ this child’s understanding of the sound system w/in the language)
- motoric (how well the child is able to coordinate their structures to produce phrases, sentences, etc–different from phonetics)
- structural (cleft palate, occlusions–are oral motor structures intact?)
What is the the therapy focus for perceptual sensory deficit?
speech and language development
What are three “general” speech sound disorder categories?
- phonological deficit
- articulation deficit
- motor speech deficit
In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a phonological deficit?
- often unitelligible
- involves multiple class sounds
In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a articulation deficit?
- more phonetic based
- intelligible
- residual errors
In terms of speech sound disorders, what characteristics do you see in a motor-speech deficit?
- developmental–children
- acquired–children/adults
What is the clinical presentation of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?
-multiple errors and highly unintelligible
What are the speech errors of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?
- simplification patterns of sound classes
- persistent beyond age expectancy
What is the treatment focus of a phonological deficit within the speech sound disorder category?
- teach production of sound classes
- contrast productions using minimal pairs
- accompany language remediation
- teaching of minimal pairs
what are minimal pairs?
set of words that vary only by one phoneme
What can we use to develop discrimination skills with children who have a phonological deficit?
use contrastive function of phonemes
for example: ICD-"mat" vs. "at" "bin" vs. "in" FCD-"boat" vs. "bow" Fronting-"cap" vs. "tap" Backing-"top" vs. "cop" Deaffrication-"chip" vs. "sip" vowels-"tip" vs. "top"
What is the clinical presentation of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?
- a. residual errors and minimal intelligibility concerns
- b. speech errors due to structural issues
What are the common speech errors of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?
- omissions, additions, substitutions
- majority who have articulation disorders have substitution errors
What is the treatment focus of an articulation deficit in the speech sound disorder category?
-teach positioning/movement of articulators for production of target speech sounds
What neurological evidence is there for a DEVELOPMENTAL motor speech disorder?
- absence of brain injury
- there is no evidence!
What is the clinical presentation of a developmental motor speech disorder?
-speech motor planning
What are the speech errors commonly made for somebody who has a developmental motor speech disorder?
- omissions
- substitutions
- vowel distortions
- inconsistencies in productions
In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to omissions?
- Initial consonant deletion
- final consonant deletion
- deaffrication
- cluster reductions
- weak syllable deletions
What other phonological processes do children with developmental motor speech disorder experience?
- metathesis
- dimunitization
What is metathesis?
child alters the sound sequence in a word
(pasghetti instead of spaghetti)
*Very common in kids w/ developmental apraxia of speech
What is Dimunitization?
child adds a vowel @ the end of a word (ball become bali)
*very common in kids w/ developmental apraxia of speech
In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to substitutions?
fronting
backing
depalatalization
In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to vowel distortions?
any vowel substitutions
reduplication of diphthongs
*very common in children with developmental apraxia of speech
In terms of developmental motor speech disorders, what specific speech errors are made with regards to inconsistent productions?
- variability in saying same sound
* very common in children with developmental apraxia
What is the treatment focus for Developmental Motor Speech disorders?
- repetitive practice of production of varying syllable sequences
- this is very different than articulation therapy!!
- articulation is about specific sound development, whereas motor speech disorder therapy is focused on sequencing of sound the client ALREADY knows
What neurological evidence is present for people who have ACQUIRED speech motor disorder?
- presence of brain injury
* most common is stroke!
What is the clinical presentation of somebody with acquired speech motor disorder?
- difficulty with one or more phases of speech production
- speech motor planning
What two disorders fall under the category of speech motor disorder?
acquired apraxia of speech
dysarthria
What Speech errors occur for people who have acquired speech motor disorder?
- omissions
- substitutions
- vowel distortions
- inconsistencies in production
What is the treatment focus for people with acquire speech motor disorder?
- repetitive practice of automatic speech
- repetitive practice of production of varying syllables
(must conquer first one before able to do second one!)
Once we’ve established automatic speech in treatment with people with acquired speech motor disorder (apraxia), what do we work on?
-we move on to working on the varying syllable shapes so we try to get them to speak in multisyllabic words
What are the potential consequences and impact of speech impairment on activities and participation in the home, school, and community?
(-theoretical question!!!)
