2/25-Speech Sound Analysis: From Words to Connected Speech Flashcards
After all the information has been laid out, what are the evaluation activities that need to take place?
- Testing
- Assess child’s suspected needs- based on information from referral source i.g., parents, teachers
- Findings
- Present test results
- Compare to normative data
- Impressions and Recommendations
- Determine disability
- Diagnosis needed for qualification for special education services
- Suggestions for tx and additional testing
Do sounds within phonetic context influence each other?
yes
Because the production of connected can be highly variable what can it cause?
overlapping of articulatory motor movements
How is connected speech written?
-the speech stream is printed on page as it sounds
What is continuous speech?
- no marked boundaries between words (except when we pause)
- sequence of distinct vowels and consonants except when we pause
What are connected speech processes governed by?
- Increased rate of speech
- acoustic perception, learned cognitive or phonological rules
What is a Connected Speech Processes?
A natural consequences- universal fact of human language
How do we process continuous speech?
- we need to break down the spontaneous speech sounds into small components
When breaking down spontaneous speech what is the level from lowest to highest you would break it down to?
- Individual or discrete sounds
- individual words
- associate meaning to words
- combine meanings according to knowledge of grammatical rules of a language
What is co-articulation?
- result of assimilation
- an overlapping of articulators that occur during the production of speech and conversation
- Two articulators “co-produce” or share features
What does co-articulation depends on in regards to phonetic context?
- V to V: “lion
- C to V: “he” or “hat”
- V to C: “Feed the caT” or “Give me a huG”
- C to C: “He knowS Sam”
What is Assimilation?
- adaptive articulatory changes that occur as a result of co-articulation
- Changes in Manner, Place, and Voicing properties
- Manner: “get some of that soup”
- Place: “ten players” or “ten cups”
- Voicing: “give peace”
What two directions can assimilation occur in?
- Progressive
- Regressive
What is progressive/perseverative assimilation?
Sound segment influences a FOLLOWING sound
Ex1: /ʤʌmpɪn/ vs. /ʤʌmbɪn/
Ex2: /aɪskrim/ vs. /aɪstrim/
What direction does progressive/perseverative assimilation move from?
From phoneme 1 on the left to phoneme 2 on the right
What is regressive/anticipatory assimilation?
Sound segment influences a PRECEDING sound
Ex3: /hænkɚʧɪf/ vs. /hæŋkɚʧɪf/
Ex4: /pʌmkɪn/ vs. /pʌŋkɪn/
What direction does regressive/anticipatory assimilation move in?
From phoneme 2 on the right to phoneme 1 on the left
What is Coalescense assimilation?
Merging of two features of two segments into one.
Ex1: “What you want?”
Ex2: “Would you?
Ex3: “In case you need it.”
Ex4: “Has your letter come?”
What is Elision assimilation?
Omission of one or more sounds in a word or phrase
Ex1: “We arrived the next day.”
Ex2: “George the sixth’s throne”
Ex3: “Have we got any vegetables?”
Ex4: “That’s the least of my worries!”
What are the benefits and limitations of using a standardized test in analyzing a child’s speech skills?
- Measure information not found in formal (standardized) testing
- Show HOW child’s articulators are able to move from word to word with accuracy or error
- Determine effects of speech errors noted on formal testing on overall communication skills
- More accurate representation of current communication skills
What kind of assessment procedure is a spontaneous speech sample?
informal
what is the minimum utterance sample that we should collect when collecting a connected speech sample?
50-100 utterance sample
What are elicited samples?
responses to target questions and imitated tasks
What is a spontaneous sample?
unmediated responses
What is the objective of intelligibility rating?
measure effectiveness of overall communication skills
What is the equation to determine intelligibility percentages?
percent of intelligibility = # of intelligible words x100 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ # of intelligible + # of unintelligible words (Total)
What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 19-24 month old?
25-50%
What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 2-3 year old?
50-75%
What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 4-5 year old?
75-90%
What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 5+ child?
90-100%
