2/25-Speech Sound Analysis: From Words to Connected Speech

Question 1

After all the information has been laid out, what are the evaluation activities that need to take place?

Answer 1

• Testing
  
  • Assess child’s suspected needs- based on information from referral source i.g., parents, teachers
• Findings
  
  • Present test results
  • Compare to normative data
• Impressions and Recommendations
  
  • Determine disability
  • Diagnosis needed for qualification for special education services
  • Suggestions for tx and additional testing

Question 2

Do sounds within phonetic context influence each other?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Because the production of connected can be highly variable what can it cause?

Answer 3

overlapping of articulatory motor movements

Question 4

How is connected speech written?

Answer 4

-the speech stream is printed on page as it sounds

Question 5

What is continuous speech?

Answer 5

• no marked boundaries between words (except when we pause)

- sequence of distinct vowels and consonants except when we pause

Question 6

What are connected speech processes governed by?

Answer 6

• Increased rate of speech

- acoustic perception, learned cognitive or phonological rules

Question 7

What is a Connected Speech Processes?

Answer 7

A natural consequences- universal fact of human language

Question 8

How do we process continuous speech?

Answer 8

• we need to break down the spontaneous speech sounds into small components

Question 9

When breaking down spontaneous speech what is the level from lowest to highest you would break it down to?

Answer 9

• Individual or discrete sounds
• individual words
• associate meaning to words
• combine meanings according to knowledge of grammatical rules of a language

Question 10

What is co-articulation?

Answer 10

• result of assimilation
• an overlapping of articulators that occur during the production of speech and conversation
• Two articulators “co-produce” or share features

Question 11

What does co-articulation depends on in regards to phonetic context?

Answer 11

• V to V: “lion
• C to V: “he” or “hat”
• V to C: “Feed the caT” or “Give me a huG”
• C to C: “He knowS Sam”

Question 12

What is Assimilation?

Answer 12

• adaptive articulatory changes that occur as a result of co-articulation
• Changes in Manner, Place, and Voicing properties
  • Manner: “get some of that soup”
  • Place: “ten players” or “ten cups”
  • Voicing: “give peace”

Question 13

What two directions can assimilation occur in?

Answer 13

• Progressive

- Regressive

Question 14

What is progressive/perseverative assimilation?

Answer 14

Sound segment influences a FOLLOWING sound

Ex1: /ʤʌmpɪn/ vs. /ʤʌmbɪn/
Ex2: /aɪskrim/ vs. /aɪstrim/

Question 15

What direction does progressive/perseverative assimilation move from?

Answer 15

From phoneme 1 on the left to phoneme 2 on the right

Question 16

What is regressive/anticipatory assimilation?

Answer 16

Sound segment influences a PRECEDING sound

Ex3: /hænkɚʧɪf/ vs. /hæŋkɚʧɪf/
Ex4: /pʌmkɪn/ vs. /pʌŋkɪn/

Question 17

What direction does regressive/anticipatory assimilation move in?

Answer 17

From phoneme 2 on the right to phoneme 1 on the left

Question 18

What is Coalescense assimilation?

Answer 18

Merging of two features of two segments into one.

Ex1: “What you want?”
Ex2: “Would you?
Ex3: “In case you need it.”
Ex4: “Has your letter come?”

Question 19

What is Elision assimilation?

Answer 19

Omission of one or more sounds in a word or phrase

Ex1: “We arrived the next day.”
Ex2: “George the sixth’s throne”
Ex3: “Have we got any vegetables?”
Ex4: “That’s the least of my worries!”

Question 20

What are the benefits and limitations of using a standardized test in analyzing a child’s speech skills?

Answer 20

• Measure information not found in formal (standardized) testing
• Show HOW child’s articulators are able to move from word to word with accuracy or error
• Determine effects of speech errors noted on formal testing on overall communication skills
• More accurate representation of current communication skills

Question 21

What kind of assessment procedure is a spontaneous speech sample?

Answer 21

informal

Question 22

what is the minimum utterance sample that we should collect when collecting a connected speech sample?

Answer 22

50-100 utterance sample

Question 23

What are elicited samples?

Answer 23

responses to target questions and imitated tasks

Question 24

What is a spontaneous sample?

Answer 24

unmediated responses

Question 25

What is the objective of intelligibility rating?

Answer 25

measure effectiveness of overall communication skills

Question 26

What is the equation to determine intelligibility percentages?

Answer 26

percent of intelligibility = # of intelligible words x100
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
# of intelligible + # of unintelligible words (Total)

Question 27

What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 19-24 month old?

Answer 27

25-50%

Question 28

What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 2-3 year old?

Answer 28

50-75%

Question 29

What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 4-5 year old?

Answer 29

75-90%

Question 30

What are the expectations of speech intelligibility for a 5+ child?

Answer 30

90-100%