two things that effect enzyme activity
- changes in pH
- temperature changes
for the reaction to be exergonic, what must occur
the entropy of the products must be greater than the entropy of the reactants
explain the fluid mosaic model
Membranes are not rigid with molecules locked in place but they are suspended individually in a fluid of lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer is
formed of phospholipids
As growth temperature decreases
desaturase abundance goes up, which results in the synthesis of the desaturase enzyme
what are the roles of membrane proteins (4)
- transport
- enzymatic activity
- signal transduction
- attachment
two kinds of membrane proteins
integral(inside) and peripheral (outside)
difference between passive transport and active transport (3)
explaining active, passive is opposite
- molecules move against a concentration gradient (low con to high con)
- Cellular energy ATP is required but not required in passive
- proton pump is example and diffusion/osmosis is example of passive
two different kinds of transport proteins
- Channel-form hydrophilic pathways in membrane to let molecules through
- Carrier - binds to a single solute such as an amino acid and transports it across lipid bilayer
two classes of active transport
- primary - the same protein that transports a substance also hydrolyses ATP to power the transport directly
- secondary - transport is indirectly driven by ATP
