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AN415 > 3Special Population > Flashcards

3Special Population Flashcards

1
Q

Vulnerable populations are groups that?
Examples of groups (5)

A

More likely to develop:
-health problems
-worse outcomes

Groups:
-poverty
-homeless
-migrant workers
-immigrants
-minorities

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2
Q

Vulnerable populations are more sensitive to effects of risk

Risk may originate in what? (4)

A

Environmental hazards (lead exposure/neuro s/s)

Social hazards (crime,violence)

Personal behavior (diet/exercise)

Biologic/genetic makeup (addictions)

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3
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in US

What is it associated with

A

Mental health

Associated with poor health behaviors:
-smoking/alcohol
-poor diet

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4
Q

Mental health
Vs
Mental disorders

A

Mental health:
State of successful performance of mental function

Mental disorders:
Health conditions characterized by alteration in thinking, mood, behavior associated with distressed or impaired function

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5
Q

Mental disorders

Differences in diagnosing:

A

Women more likely to be diagnosed

Groups belonging to certain ethic groups more likely to be diagnosed with certain mental disorders:
-hispanics: major depression
-AA: schizophrenia

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6
Q

Individual characteristics that can cause mental disorders (6)

A

-Genetics
-Older father
-Head injury
-Intrauterine infection
-Preterm birth
-Exposure to agents (physical: radiation, chemical, infectious agent)

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7
Q

Environmental factors that lead to mental disorders (6)

When are you most vulnerable

A

-Stress
-poverty
-trauma
-abuse
-parental addiction/psychiatric disorder
-consistent adversity/maltreatment

Childhood is a vulnerable time

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8
Q

Hx of mental health tx

Prior to WW2

18th century

A

Prior to WW2:
-cared for by family/private caretaker

18th century:
-institutionalized (almshouses)

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9
Q

Hx of mental health tx

-pennsylvania hospital
-moral treatment era (philippe pinel)
-what became over crouded

A

-pennsylvania hospital:
—1st mental hospital in america

-moral treatment era (philippe pinel):
—more human approach developed by philippe
—environment can impact individuals mind/behavior
—developed asylums

-asylums became over crowded

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10
Q

Hx of mental health tx

-Dorthea Dix

A

She lobbied for vulnerable populations in need of quality mental health care
—opened 32 mental health hospitals

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11
Q

Hx of mental health tx

Dorthea Dix state hospitals:
-issues 3
-what they did 3

A

Issues:
-overcrowded
-long term stays
-decreased funding led to decreased quality of staff

What they did:
-physical restraints
-lobotomies
-electroconvulsive therapy

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12
Q

Hx of mental health tx

1950s

A

Development of new:
-antipsychotics
-antidepressives

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13
Q

Mental health care after WW2

A

Increased federal involvement

Development of the National institute of Mental Health

Deinstitutionalization

Community support programs:
-1st time recognizing people with mental disorders are facing social welfare problems (grants to community to provide services)

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14
Q

Mental health care after WW2

Deinstitutionalization explained

-Reasons it happened (4)
-1 of them explained

A

Reasons done:
-economics (cost too much)
-idealism (should be allowed to be in community and receive care there)
-legal considerations
-antipsychotic drugs

Legal considerations (American Bar Association, people with mental disorders have a right too)

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15
Q

Mass shootings:

-whose likely to do it

A

-prior violence
-substance use
-early trauma are more likely contributors to subsequent violence

(Trauma in childhood)
(Bullied)

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16
Q

Deinstitutionalization led to what

Mental illness are more likely to commit criminal acts why?

A

Jail

Mental illness is not managed

17
Q

Healthy people 2030 in vulnerable populations

3

A

Reduce the proportion of people living in poverty

Improve health and well-being in people with disabilities

Promote health and safety in community settings

18
Q

Poverty

Federal income poverty guidelines determines eligibility for what federal assistance:

A

Federal housing
Medicaid
Food stamps
WIC
Head start

19
Q

Education effects what

A

Health (slide 15, self explanatory)

20
Q

Access to health care

-limited to who

-barriers

A

Limited for low socioeconomic groups

Barriers:
-transportation
-english only services
-services on weekdays only

21
Q

Homelessness defined

A

Individual lacks housing:
-no regular, fixed night-time residence
-use of temporary shelter
-use of public/private place not intended for sleeping

22
Q

3 categories of homelessness

A

Temporary homelessness (80%)
-temp dispaced from home (fire/eviction)

Episodic homelessness (10%)
-in & out of homelessness
(Domestic violence)

Chronic homelessness (10%)
-more than 1yr on the street without housing during that time

23
Q

Contributing factors to homelessness

A

Scarce resources
Lack of afforable housing
Lack of afforable health care
Mental illness

24
Q

Homeless women

-likely victims of what
-hx of violence from when to when
-develop what strategies
-higher rates of what
-increased incidence of what
-poor what outcomes

A

Likely victims of PA or SA

Hx of vilence from childhood-to-adulthood

Develop survival strategies (selling sex & drugs)

Higher rates of STDs

Increased incidence of addiction to drugs/ETOH

Poor birth outcomes (LBW & Apgar scores)

25
Q

Homeless children

-4 times more liekly to become what and develop what

Nutrition deficiency
Vioence
School absenteeism

A

4 times more likely to become:
-ill
-developmental delayed

Nutrition deficiency:
-delay growth or obesity

Violence:
-witness violent acts

School absenteeism:
-fewer than 25% graduate from high school

26
Q

Homeless youth

50% of homeless youth been where

What is the number one correlate for elevated risk of youth homelessness

A

50% have been in the juvenile justice system, in jail or detention

The lack of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED) is the number one correlate for elevated risk of youth homelessness

27
Q

Health issues for homeless (10+)

A

Hypothermia & heat related injuries
Infestations (lice, scabies)
RTI (TB/URI)
HIV/AIDS
Foot problems
Malnutrition
Poor dentition
HTN/DM/substance abuse
Mental health (substance use disorder, depression)
Criminal behavior and victimization (commit & victims)

28
Q

Disbailities:

Labels can be what

Focus on what not what

A

Labels can be harmful

Focuses on the:
-anticipated problem
-not capablitites

29
Q

A disability is a

Example of it

A

Physical impairment that limits one or more of major life activites:

Example:
-hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, thinking, caring for self

30
Q

Physical impariment definition

Example

A

Any physiologic condition or disorder affecting one or more of the body systems

Ex:
-visual or hearing impairments
-HIV
-muscular dystrophy/MS

31
Q

Legislation:
American with Disabilities Act (1990)

-for who
-made what illegal
-emphasis on what
-guarantees what

A

Civil right legislation for individuals with disabilities

Made discrimination illegal

Emphasis on community care NOT institutionalization

Guarantees equal opportunity:
-employment
-transportation
-public accommodations

32
Q

Disability facts:

Abuse:
-more likely to experience what
-usually what related
-more common in who?
-whose at most risk

A

More likely to experience some form of abuse (usually care related)

More common in children and elderly:
-children under 6 with cognitive disability from low-income family = highest risk for abuse/neglect

AN415 (10 decks)

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