3Special Population Flashcards
Vulnerable populations are groups that?
Examples of groups (5)
More likely to develop:
-health problems
-worse outcomes
Groups:
-poverty
-homeless
-migrant workers
-immigrants
-minorities
Vulnerable populations are more sensitive to effects of risk
Risk may originate in what? (4)
Environmental hazards (lead exposure/neuro s/s)
Social hazards (crime,violence)
Personal behavior (diet/exercise)
Biologic/genetic makeup (addictions)
What is the leading cause of disability in US
What is it associated with
Mental health
Associated with poor health behaviors:
-smoking/alcohol
-poor diet
Mental health
Vs
Mental disorders
Mental health:
State of successful performance of mental function
Mental disorders:
Health conditions characterized by alteration in thinking, mood, behavior associated with distressed or impaired function
Mental disorders
Differences in diagnosing:
Women more likely to be diagnosed
Groups belonging to certain ethic groups more likely to be diagnosed with certain mental disorders:
-hispanics: major depression
-AA: schizophrenia
Individual characteristics that can cause mental disorders (6)
-Genetics
-Older father
-Head injury
-Intrauterine infection
-Preterm birth
-Exposure to agents (physical: radiation, chemical, infectious agent)
Environmental factors that lead to mental disorders (6)
When are you most vulnerable
-Stress
-poverty
-trauma
-abuse
-parental addiction/psychiatric disorder
-consistent adversity/maltreatment
Childhood is a vulnerable time
Hx of mental health tx
Prior to WW2
18th century
Prior to WW2:
-cared for by family/private caretaker
18th century:
-institutionalized (almshouses)
Hx of mental health tx
-pennsylvania hospital
-moral treatment era (philippe pinel)
-what became over crouded
-pennsylvania hospital:
—1st mental hospital in america
-moral treatment era (philippe pinel):
—more human approach developed by philippe
—environment can impact individuals mind/behavior
—developed asylums
-asylums became over crowded
Hx of mental health tx
-Dorthea Dix
She lobbied for vulnerable populations in need of quality mental health care
—opened 32 mental health hospitals
Hx of mental health tx
Dorthea Dix state hospitals:
-issues 3
-what they did 3
Issues:
-overcrowded
-long term stays
-decreased funding led to decreased quality of staff
What they did:
-physical restraints
-lobotomies
-electroconvulsive therapy
Hx of mental health tx
1950s
Development of new:
-antipsychotics
-antidepressives
Mental health care after WW2
Increased federal involvement
Development of the National institute of Mental Health
Deinstitutionalization
Community support programs:
-1st time recognizing people with mental disorders are facing social welfare problems (grants to community to provide services)
Mental health care after WW2
Deinstitutionalization explained
-Reasons it happened (4)
-1 of them explained
Reasons done:
-economics (cost too much)
-idealism (should be allowed to be in community and receive care there)
-legal considerations
-antipsychotic drugs
Legal considerations (American Bar Association, people with mental disorders have a right too)
Mass shootings:
-whose likely to do it
-prior violence
-substance use
-early trauma are more likely contributors to subsequent violence
(Trauma in childhood)
(Bullied)
Deinstitutionalization led to what
Mental illness are more likely to commit criminal acts why?
Jail
Mental illness is not managed
Healthy people 2030 in vulnerable populations
3
Reduce the proportion of people living in poverty
Improve health and well-being in people with disabilities
Promote health and safety in community settings
Poverty
Federal income poverty guidelines determines eligibility for what federal assistance:
Federal housing
Medicaid
Food stamps
WIC
Head start
Education effects what
Health (slide 15, self explanatory)
Access to health care
-limited to who
-barriers
Limited for low socioeconomic groups
Barriers:
-transportation
-english only services
-services on weekdays only
Homelessness defined
Individual lacks housing:
-no regular, fixed night-time residence
-use of temporary shelter
-use of public/private place not intended for sleeping
3 categories of homelessness
Temporary homelessness (80%)
-temp dispaced from home (fire/eviction)
Episodic homelessness (10%)
-in & out of homelessness
(Domestic violence)
Chronic homelessness (10%)
-more than 1yr on the street without housing during that time
Contributing factors to homelessness
Scarce resources
Lack of afforable housing
Lack of afforable health care
Mental illness
Homeless women
-likely victims of what
-hx of violence from when to when
-develop what strategies
-higher rates of what
-increased incidence of what
-poor what outcomes
Likely victims of PA or SA
Hx of vilence from childhood-to-adulthood
Develop survival strategies (selling sex & drugs)
Higher rates of STDs
Increased incidence of addiction to drugs/ETOH
Poor birth outcomes (LBW & Apgar scores)
Homeless children
-4 times more liekly to become what and develop what
Nutrition deficiency
Vioence
School absenteeism
4 times more likely to become:
-ill
-developmental delayed
Nutrition deficiency:
-delay growth or obesity
Violence:
-witness violent acts
School absenteeism:
-fewer than 25% graduate from high school
Homeless youth
50% of homeless youth been where
What is the number one correlate for elevated risk of youth homelessness
50% have been in the juvenile justice system, in jail or detention
The lack of a high school diploma or general equivalency diploma (GED) is the number one correlate for elevated risk of youth homelessness
Health issues for homeless (10+)
Hypothermia & heat related injuries
Infestations (lice, scabies)
RTI (TB/URI)
HIV/AIDS
Foot problems
Malnutrition
Poor dentition
HTN/DM/substance abuse
Mental health (substance use disorder, depression)
Criminal behavior and victimization (commit & victims)
Disbailities:
Labels can be what
Focus on what not what
Labels can be harmful
Focuses on the:
-anticipated problem
-not capablitites
A disability is a
Example of it
Physical impairment that limits one or more of major life activites:
Example:
-hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, thinking, caring for self
Physical impariment definition
Example
Any physiologic condition or disorder affecting one or more of the body systems
Ex:
-visual or hearing impairments
-HIV
-muscular dystrophy/MS
Legislation:
American with Disabilities Act (1990)
-for who
-made what illegal
-emphasis on what
-guarantees what
Civil right legislation for individuals with disabilities
Made discrimination illegal
Emphasis on community care NOT institutionalization
Guarantees equal opportunity:
-employment
-transportation
-public accommodations
Disability facts:
Abuse:
-more likely to experience what
-usually what related
-more common in who?
-whose at most risk
More likely to experience some form of abuse (usually care related)
More common in children and elderly:
-children under 6 with cognitive disability from low-income family = highest risk for abuse/neglect
