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2Aggregates Flashcards

1
Q

Infants age
Children age

A

Infant: under 1

Children: 1-9yr old

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2
Q

MIC and what it encompasses

A

Maternal, infant and children health

Women of childbearing age from:
-Pre-pregnancy, L&D, and postpartum period

And

The health of children:
-Prior to birth thru adolescence

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3
Q

Issues within declining MIC mortality

A

Significant racial disparities

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4
Q

Families are what to infants and children
As it does what

A

Primary unit as it nurtured and supported regarding healthy development

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5
Q

Definition of family

A

There are various

As it changes over time
Depends on social/cultural norms, values

Single family/grandparent nursing child

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6
Q

Unmarried women are more likely than married women, non-cohabitating women to

A

Experience negative birth outcomes

Initiate prenatal care early in pregnancy

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7
Q

Married women are less likely than unmarried, non-cohabitating women to

A

Rely on government assistance to pay for prenatal care

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8
Q

Tennage pregnancies more likely to

Less likely to

A

More likely to result in serious health consequences for mother and baby

Less likely to receive early prenatal care

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9
Q

Teen mothers more likely to what 4 things

A

Smoke during pregnancy

Have preterm birth

Low-birth wt babies

Pregnancy complications

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10
Q

Teens who become pregnant and have a child are more likely to (4)

A

Drop out of school

Not get married or have a marriage end in divorce

Rely on public assistance

Live in poverty

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11
Q

Family planning do what

A

How many children they want to have and the spacing

Also choosing appropriate means to accomplish it

Gov and non gov organizations

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12
Q

Unintended pregnancy

A

Mistimed or unwanted

1/2 preg in us are uninteded

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13
Q

Unintended pregnancy associated with/ negative health behaviors 3

A

Delayed prenatal care

Inadequate wt gain

Smoking/alcohol/drug use

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14
Q

Title X

Who it funds
Aims to what

A

Federal program that provides funds for family planning services for low-income people

Aims to:
Reduce unintended pregnancy by providing contraceptive and reproductive healthcare services to low-ncome women

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15
Q

Title X

Gag rule

A

A rule that can put a limitation or restriction on something

Ex: trump: cant offer abortions to clients

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16
Q

Evaluating the success of community health family planning programs

A

Reductions in unintended pregnancies, abortions, births

Prevented 1.9 million unplanned pregnancies

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17
Q

Risks of maternal mortality or morbidity

A

Poverty

Limited education

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18
Q

Preconception care

A

Med care to women of reproductive age to promote health PRIOR to conception

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19
Q

Prenatal health care

A

Med care from time of conception until birth process

(Know primary preventions)

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20
Q

Early preconception and prenatal care leads to

A

Less low-birth wt infants

Better preg outcomes

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21
Q

Infant health depends on many factors: (7)

A
  • mothers health and her health behavior prior to and during pregnancy

-genetic charatcteristics

-mothers level of prenatal care

-quality of delivery (traumatic/laceration, c-section)

-infants environment after birth (home/family, medical services, sleeping environment, air quality)

-nutrition

-immunization

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22
Q

Measures of a nations health (decline in infant mortality due to?

A

Improved disease surveillance

Advanced clinical care

Improves access to care

Nutrition

Education

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23
Q

Leading cause of infant death:

A

Congenital abnormalities

Preterm/low birth wt

SIDS

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24
Q

Improving infant health (6)
5preventing
1we want

A

Premature births

Low birth wt

Cigarette smoking

Alcohol and other drugs

Breastfeeding

SIDS

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25
Child health Medical home
Primary care: -wellness check -for continuity of care
26
Childhood mortality: Leading cause (specifically) Also want to look out for what two things
Unintentional injuries Specifically (motor vehicle deaths, those not wearing seat belts/restraints) 2 things: Child maltreatment and infectious disease (Know primary prevention teaching)
27
Issues with community programs for women/infants/children
Many are categorical programs: Only available to people who fit into a specific groups Issue bc may need services but do not quality
28
Title V
Only federal legislation dedicated to promoting and improving health of mothers and children
29
Maternal and children health bureau (MCHB) Administer whose funding Accomplish which 4 core public health services
Fund title V Accomplish goals thru: -infrastructure building -population based -enabling -direct healthcare services
30
Women, infant, and children (WIC) program
Clinical-based program designed to provide nutritional/health related goods and services to: -pregnant, postpartum, breastfeeding women -infants up to 1 year -children under 5
31
Medicaid vs CHIP
Medicaid: Low-income individuals and families -children are slightly more than half of all medicaid beneficiaries CHIP: -targets uninsured children whose families dont qualify for medicaid
32
FMLA: family and medical leave act Grants what Only affects who What is child care and development block grant
Grants 12 weeks unpaid job protected leave to men or women after birth of child, adoption, or illness in immediate family -affects only buisnesses with 50+ employees Child care and development block grant: -federal $ for childcare assistance
33
Adolescents vs adults
Adolescents: 10-24 -Puberty-maturity Adults: 25-64 -years between 10-64 most productive years of peoples lives, best health
34
Adolescents and young adults (4)
Future of nation Different stage, period of transition from childhood to adulthood Complete physical growth, experience significant life changes Many health beliefs adopted
35
Adolescents and young adults make up what of the population What status do we need to be aware of
1/5 of us pop Employment status has impacted health care access to insurance/care
36
Mortality Decline due to what Male mortality is what Racial disparities r/t race
Decline in death rates d/t advances in medicine and injury and disease prevention Male mortality higher than females
37
Morbiditiy Adolescents and young adults acquires what
They acquire nearly half of all new STDs in the U.S. Measles immunizations important
38
Health behaviors High school students/college students Simularities vs differences
Similar: -unintentional injuries -violence -tobacco use -alcohol and other drugs -sexual behaviors- unintended preg and STDs Differences: High school: -physical activity and sedentary behaviors -overweight and weight control
39
Protective factors
Individual or environmental characteristics, conditions, or behaviors that: -reduce the effects of stressful life events -increase the ability to avoid risks or hazards -promote social and emotional competence Ex: school connectedness, community service
40
Main factors impacting community health in age groups are:
Social/cultural factors Community organizing Alcohol use a main problem
41
Adults age: Represent how much of population Motality: -mainly -associated with
25-64 Represent half of US Motalitiy: Mainly from chronic diseases Associated with unhealthy behaviors and poor life style choices
42
Cancer: #1 death for adults age what and what Males type Female type
In 45-54 and 55-64 Males: Prostate Females: Breast Both: -lungs and colorectal
43
Cardiovascular diseases Age adjusted mortality rates have what D/t what
Dropped over past 60yrs D/t public health efforts related to: -smoking cessation -increased physical activity -nutrition
44
ADULTS Risk factors for chrinic diseases Awareness and screenings
RF: -Smoking -Lack of exercise -BMI -Alcohol A/S: -HTN -Diabetes -Cholesterol
45
Community health strategies
Role of individual behavior, social factors, environmental factors, and previous influences on their health across lifespan
46
Older adult population has what
Increased in the 20th and 21st century
47
Ageism
Prejudice and discrimination against older adults
48
Reality of old adults
Active and well Still working Strongly engaged in community, volunteer, advocacy programs
49
Demography of aging
Older population is growing So is the median age
50
Factors affecting population size and age
Fertility rates: -baby boomers Mortality rates: -life expectancy continues to increase
51
Martial status Older women are 3 times more likely to what (Why) Number of divorces are what New concerns
3 times more likely to be widowed bc men die first Divorced number is increasing New concerns: -lack of retirement benefits -insurance -lower net worth assets
52
Living arrangements in older adults Women are more likely to what
Closely linked to: income, health status, availability of care givers Women are more likely to live alone
53
Older adult housing
Adequate, affordable housing Older homes, lower value, need of repair
54
Racial and ethnic composition with older adults
U.S. older population growing more diverse Percent of white older adults are decline Older americans of hispanic orgin will become largest minority in US
55
Sources of income for old adults
Mainly social security -income from assets -private pension -govt employee pension -earnings
56
Education of older adults
Baby boomers most educated cohort in US history More people are graduating high school too
57
Morbidity Top causes of death in older adults
heart disease Cancer CLRD (chronic lower resp disease) Stroke Alzheimer’s disease
58
Have more favorable health behaviors than younger counterparts What does this mean
Know what their capable of Less likely to consume large amounts of: Alcohol Smoke cigs Be overweight
59
Areas of improvement for older population health behaviors and lifestyle choices
Physical activity Immunizations
60
Physical activity in older adults
Least active of all ages Loss of fitness due to aging Physical activity recommendations for older adults are the same as other adults
61
Nutrition for older adults
Reduce: -sodium -caloric need Increase: -vegatable and water consumption
62
Older adult vaccinations
Immune system are weakened with age Racial disparities exist
63
Mistreatment of older adults Reporting Special problem for older adults with what (4)
Reports have increased All states have a reporting system Special problem for: -dementia and cognitive impairment -hx of domestic violence -frality -social isolation
64
6 instrumental needs of older adults
Income Housing Personal care Caregivers Health care Transportation
65
Instrumental needs: older adults Income (unmarried women highest rates of what) And Housing
Income: -reduces income need -social security major source -unmarried women and minorities have highest poverty rate Housing: -major needs —appropriateness, accesible, afforability
66
Instrumental needs: older adults Personal care And Caregivers
Personal: ADLs Caregivers: -caregivers for older adults face problems: —increased finacial burden —lack of privacy —demands on time and energy
67
Instrumental care: older adults Health care
Older adults use health care the most Medicare primary source of payment for healthcare of older adults
68
Older american act of 1965 (OAA)
Increase services: -meal service -homemaker service -chore and home maintenance -visitor service (visits home) -adult day care (cont be left alone) -respite care (give caregiver a break) -home health care (nurse visits home) -senior centers Protect rights of older adults

N415 (10 decks)

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