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AN415 > 2Aggregates > Flashcards

2Aggregates Flashcards

1
Q

Infants age
Children age

A

Infant: under 1

Children: 1-9yr old

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2
Q

MIC and what it encompasses

A

Maternal, infant and children health

Women of childbearing age from:
-Pre-pregnancy, L&D, and postpartum period

And

The health of children:
-Prior to birth thru adolescence

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3
Q

Issues within declining MIC mortality

A

Significant racial disparities

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4
Q

Families are what to infants and children
As it does what

A

Primary unit as it nurtured and supported regarding healthy development

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5
Q

Definition of family

A

There are various

As it changes over time
Depends on social/cultural norms, values

Single family/grandparent nursing child

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6
Q

Unmarried women are more likely than married women, non-cohabitating women to

A

Experience negative birth outcomes

Initiate prenatal care early in pregnancy

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7
Q

Married women are less likely than unmarried, non-cohabitating women to

A

Rely on government assistance to pay for prenatal care

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8
Q

Tennage pregnancies more likely to

Less likely to

A

More likely to result in serious health consequences for mother and baby

Less likely to receive early prenatal care

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9
Q

Teen mothers more likely to what 4 things

A

Smoke during pregnancy

Have preterm birth

Low-birth wt babies

Pregnancy complications

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10
Q

Teens who become pregnant and have a child are more likely to (4)

A

Drop out of school

Not get married or have a marriage end in divorce

Rely on public assistance

Live in poverty

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11
Q

Family planning do what

A

How many children they want to have and the spacing

Also choosing appropriate means to accomplish it

Gov and non gov organizations

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12
Q

Unintended pregnancy

A

Mistimed or unwanted

1/2 preg in us are uninteded

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13
Q

Unintended pregnancy associated with/ negative health behaviors 3

A

Delayed prenatal care

Inadequate wt gain

Smoking/alcohol/drug use

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14
Q

Title X

Who it funds
Aims to what

A

Federal program that provides funds for family planning services for low-income people

Aims to:
Reduce unintended pregnancy by providing contraceptive and reproductive healthcare services to low-ncome women

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15
Q

Title X

Gag rule

A

A rule that can put a limitation or restriction on something

Ex: trump: cant offer abortions to clients

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16
Q

Evaluating the success of community health family planning programs

A

Reductions in unintended pregnancies, abortions, births

Prevented 1.9 million unplanned pregnancies

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17
Q

Risks of maternal mortality or morbidity

A

Poverty

Limited education

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18
Q

Preconception care

A

Med care to women of reproductive age to promote health PRIOR to conception

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19
Q

Prenatal health care

A

Med care from time of conception until birth process

(Know primary preventions)

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20
Q

Early preconception and prenatal care leads to

A

Less low-birth wt infants

Better preg outcomes

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21
Q

Infant health depends on many factors: (7)

A
  • mothers health and her health behavior prior to and during pregnancy

-genetic charatcteristics

-mothers level of prenatal care

-quality of delivery (traumatic/laceration, c-section)

-infants environment after birth (home/family, medical services, sleeping environment, air quality)

-nutrition

-immunization

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22
Q

Measures of a nations health (decline in infant mortality due to?

A

Improved disease surveillance

Advanced clinical care

Improves access to care

Nutrition

Education

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23
Q

Leading cause of infant death:

A

Congenital abnormalities

Preterm/low birth wt

SIDS

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24
Q

Improving infant health (6)
5preventing
1we want

A

Premature births

Low birth wt

Cigarette smoking

Alcohol and other drugs

Breastfeeding

SIDS

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25
Q

Child health

Medical home

A

Primary care:
-wellness check
-for continuity of care

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26
Q

Childhood mortality:

Leading cause (specifically)

Also want to look out for what two things

A

Unintentional injuries
Specifically (motor vehicle deaths, those not wearing seat belts/restraints)

2 things:
Child maltreatment and infectious disease

(Know primary prevention teaching)

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27
Q

Issues with community programs for women/infants/children

A

Many are categorical programs:

Only available to people who fit into a specific groups

Issue bc may need services but do not quality

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28
Q

Title V

A

Only federal legislation dedicated to promoting and improving health of mothers and children

29
Q

Maternal and children health bureau (MCHB)

Administer whose funding

Accomplish which 4 core public health services

A

Fund title V

Accomplish goals thru:
-infrastructure building
-population based
-enabling
-direct healthcare services

30
Q

Women, infant, and children (WIC) program

A

Clinical-based program designed to provide nutritional/health related goods and services to:

-pregnant, postpartum, breastfeeding women
-infants up to 1 year
-children under 5

31
Q

Medicaid vs CHIP

A

Medicaid:
Low-income individuals and families
-children are slightly more than half of all medicaid beneficiaries

CHIP:
-targets uninsured children whose families dont qualify for medicaid

32
Q

FMLA: family and medical leave act

Grants what
Only affects who

What is child care and development block grant

A

Grants 12 weeks unpaid job protected leave to men or women after birth of child, adoption, or illness in immediate family

-affects only buisnesses with 50+ employees

Child care and development block grant:
-federal $ for childcare assistance

33
Q

Adolescents vs adults

A

Adolescents: 10-24
-Puberty-maturity

Adults: 25-64
-years between 10-64 most productive years of peoples lives, best health

34
Q

Adolescents and young adults (4)

A

Future of nation

Different stage, period of transition from childhood to adulthood

Complete physical growth, experience significant life changes

Many health beliefs adopted

35
Q

Adolescents and young adults make up what of the population

What status do we need to be aware of

A

1/5 of us pop

Employment status has impacted health care access to insurance/care

36
Q

Mortality

Decline due to what
Male mortality is what
Racial disparities r/t race

A

Decline in death rates d/t advances in medicine and injury and disease prevention

Male mortality higher than females

37
Q

Morbiditiy

Adolescents and young adults acquires what

A

They acquire nearly half of all new STDs in the U.S.

Measles immunizations important

38
Q

Health behaviors

High school students/college students

Simularities vs differences

A

Similar:
-unintentional injuries
-violence
-tobacco use
-alcohol and other drugs
-sexual behaviors- unintended preg and STDs

Differences:
High school:
-physical activity and sedentary behaviors
-overweight and weight control

39
Q

Protective factors

A

Individual or environmental characteristics, conditions, or behaviors that:

-reduce the effects of stressful life events
-increase the ability to avoid risks or hazards
-promote social and emotional competence

Ex: school connectedness, community service

40
Q

Main factors impacting community health in age groups are:

A

Social/cultural factors
Community organizing

Alcohol use a main problem

41
Q

Adults age:

Represent how much of population

Motality:
-mainly
-associated with

A

25-64

Represent half of US

Motalitiy:
Mainly from chronic diseases

Associated with unhealthy behaviors and poor life style choices

42
Q

Cancer:
#1 death for adults age what and what

Males type
Female type

A

In 45-54 and 55-64

Males:
Prostate

Females:
Breast

Both:
-lungs and colorectal

43
Q

Cardiovascular diseases

Age adjusted mortality rates have what

D/t what

A

Dropped over past 60yrs

D/t public health efforts related to:
-smoking cessation
-increased physical activity
-nutrition

44
Q

ADULTS

Risk factors for chrinic diseases

Awareness and screenings

A

RF:
-Smoking
-Lack of exercise
-BMI
-Alcohol

A/S:
-HTN
-Diabetes
-Cholesterol

45
Q

Community health strategies

A

Role of individual behavior, social factors, environmental factors, and previous influences on their health across lifespan

46
Q

Older adult population has what

A

Increased in the 20th and 21st century

47
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice and discrimination against older adults

48
Q

Reality of old adults

A

Active and well

Still working

Strongly engaged in community, volunteer, advocacy programs

49
Q

Demography of aging

A

Older population is growing
So is the median age

50
Q

Factors affecting population size and age

A

Fertility rates:
-baby boomers

Mortality rates:
-life expectancy continues to increase

51
Q

Martial status

Older women are 3 times more likely to what
(Why)

Number of divorces are what

New concerns

A

3 times more likely to be widowed bc men die first

Divorced number is increasing

New concerns:
-lack of retirement benefits
-insurance
-lower net worth assets

52
Q

Living arrangements in older adults

Women are more likely to what

A

Closely linked to:
income, health status, availability of care givers

Women are more likely to live alone

53
Q

Older adult housing

A

Adequate, affordable housing

Older homes, lower value, need of repair

54
Q

Racial and ethnic composition with older adults

A

U.S. older population growing more diverse

Percent of white older adults are decline

Older americans of hispanic orgin will become largest minority in US

55
Q

Sources of income for old adults

A

Mainly social security

-income from assets
-private pension
-govt employee pension
-earnings

56
Q

Education of older adults

A

Baby boomers most educated cohort in US history

More people are graduating high school too

57
Q

Morbidity

Top causes of death in older adults

A

heart disease
Cancer
CLRD (chronic lower resp disease)
Stroke
Alzheimer’s disease

58
Q

Have more favorable health behaviors than younger counterparts

What does this mean

A

Know what their capable of

Less likely to consume large amounts of:
Alcohol
Smoke cigs
Be overweight

59
Q

Areas of improvement for older population health behaviors and lifestyle choices

A

Physical activity
Immunizations

60
Q

Physical activity in older adults

A

Least active of all ages

Loss of fitness due to aging

Physical activity recommendations for older adults are the same as other adults

61
Q

Nutrition for older adults

A

Reduce:
-sodium
-caloric need

Increase:
-vegatable and water consumption

62
Q

Older adult vaccinations

A

Immune system are weakened with age

Racial disparities exist

63
Q

Mistreatment of older adults

Reporting

Special problem for older adults with what (4)

A

Reports have increased
All states have a reporting system

Special problem for:
-dementia and cognitive impairment
-hx of domestic violence
-frality
-social isolation

64
Q

6 instrumental needs of older adults

A

Income
Housing
Personal care
Caregivers
Health care
Transportation

65
Q

Instrumental needs: older adults
Income (unmarried women highest rates of what)
And
Housing

A

Income:
-reduces income need
-social security major source
-unmarried women and minorities have highest poverty rate

Housing:
-major needs
—appropriateness, accesible, afforability

66
Q

Instrumental needs: older adults

Personal care
And
Caregivers

A

Personal:
ADLs

Caregivers:
-caregivers for older adults face problems:
—increased finacial burden
—lack of privacy
—demands on time and energy

67
Q

Instrumental care: older adults

Health care

A

Older adults use health care the most

Medicare primary source of payment for healthcare of older adults

68
Q

Older american act of 1965 (OAA)

A

Increase services:
-meal service
-homemaker service
-chore and home maintenance
-visitor service (visits home)
-adult day care (cont be left alone)
-respite care (give caregiver a break)
-home health care (nurse visits home)
-senior centers

Protect rights of older adults

AN415 (10 decks)

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