2Community Assessment & Organizations In The Community Flashcards
Community
Group of people who have common characteristics
Community health
The study & improvement of health related characteristics & relationships between people and their physical-social environment
Focus on geographical areas
Health is not simply a state free from disease but
Is the capacity of people to be resilient and manage lifes challenges and changes
Community health focuses on what factors that impact health
Environment
Social structure
Resource distribution (access to healthy food)
Social capital (social cohesion)
Socio-economic status
Community health assessment
Systemic examination of the health status of
Used to identify key problems and assets in a community
The goal of a community health assessment
Essential ingredients to conduct a CHA
Goal is to develop strategies to address the community’s health needs and identify issues
Essential ingredients:
-Community engagement
-Collaborative participation
Community health improvement process is a effort to: 8
Idenify health issues
Assess data
Develop health objectives/indicators
Inventory community assets/resources
Identify community perceptions
Develop coordination strategies
Identify accountable entities
Cultivate community ownership of process
Why complete an assessment and improvement plan
6
Improve organizational/community coordination & collaboration
Increased knowledge and interconnectedness off activities
Strengthened partnerships (state/local public health systems)
Identify strengths and weaknesses
Baselines on performance to prepare for accreditation
Benchmarks for public health practice
Assessment components 6
- Describe makeup/history of community to provide a context within which to collect data on concerns
- Describe what matters to people in community
- Describe what matters to key stakeholders
- For each problem/goal describe evidence indicating whther problem/goal should be priority issue
- Describe barriers and resources for addressing identified issues
- Based on assessment, select prioity issues to be address by the group
- Describe makeup/history of community to provide a context within which to collect data on concerns
5
Comment type of info that best describes community (demographic, key leaders)
Describe sources of info (public record, local people)
Comment whether there are sufficient resources (time, personnel)
Assess quality of info
Describe strengths/problems you heard about
- Describe what matters to people in the community
How to listen to community:
Listening sessions
Public forums
Interviews
Concerns surveys
Focus groups
- Describe what matters to key stakeholders
Who else cares about this issue (stakeholders(
Surveys
Interviews
- For each problem/goal describe evidence indicating whther problem/goal should be priority issue
How frequent it occurs
How many people affected
Impact it has
Community-level indicators related to issue (rate of infant deaths or vehicle crashes)
- Describe the barriers and resources for addressing the identified issues
What resources/assets are available
Barriers/resistance to solving the problem
Secondary data
Not from the source
Census data vs vital statistics
(If we use it then were a secondary source?)
Census:
SES, age distribution, gender, race, ethnicity
Vital:
Birth, death, marriages, divorces, adoption
Primary data (windshield survey)
Visual exam
Senses, sights, sounds, smells
4 components to diagnosing community health problems
Problem (disease, disability, risk)
Population/community
Etiology (cause)
Evidence (health indicator)
SWOT analysis
Guides you to identify the positives/negatives
inside/outside your community
in the external environment (opportunity/threat)
SWOT general areas to consider 5
Human resources (staff, volunteers)
Physical resources (location, equipment)
Financial (grants, funding agencies)
Activities and processes (programs you run)
Past experiences (reputation in communty)
SWOT forces and facts the group doesnt control
The economy
Funding sources
Demographics
Physical environment
Legislation
- Based on the assessment, select the priority issues to be addessed by the group
Prioritize using prioritization matrix
Four boxes measuring:
Cost/effort
Vs
Benefit/value
What is a government health agency?
-how is it funded?
-how does it work
Agency funded by tax dollars
Top-down funding:
-money comes from federal or state level to the local level
What is the WHO (world health organization) and what does it do
How to get a membership
International health organization
Any nation that has endorsed the WHO consitution get a memberhship
Purpose: achieve highest possible level of health globally
