2Community Assessment & Organizations In The Community Flashcards
Community
Group of people who have common characteristics
Community health
The study & improvement of health related characteristics & relationships between people and their physical-social environment
Focus on geographical areas
Health is not simply a state free from disease but
Is the capacity of people to be resilient and manage lifes challenges and changes
Community health focuses on what factors that impact health
Environment
Social structure
Resource distribution (access to healthy food)
Social capital (social cohesion)
Socio-economic status
Community health assessment
Systemic examination of the health status of
Used to identify key problems and assets in a community
The goal of a community health assessment
Essential ingredients to conduct a CHA
Goal is to develop strategies to address the community’s health needs and identify issues
Essential ingredients:
-Community engagement
-Collaborative participation
Community health improvement process is a effort to: 8
Idenify health issues
Assess data
Develop health objectives/indicators
Inventory community assets/resources
Identify community perceptions
Develop coordination strategies
Identify accountable entities
Cultivate community ownership of process
Why complete an assessment and improvement plan
6
Improve organizational/community coordination & collaboration
Increased knowledge and interconnectedness off activities
Strengthened partnerships (state/local public health systems)
Identify strengths and weaknesses
Baselines on performance to prepare for accreditation
Benchmarks for public health practice
Assessment components 6
- Describe makeup/history of community to provide a context within which to collect data on concerns
- Describe what matters to people in community
- Describe what matters to key stakeholders
- For each problem/goal describe evidence indicating whther problem/goal should be priority issue
- Describe barriers and resources for addressing identified issues
- Based on assessment, select prioity issues to be address by the group
- Describe makeup/history of community to provide a context within which to collect data on concerns
5
Comment type of info that best describes community (demographic, key leaders)
Describe sources of info (public record, local people)
Comment whether there are sufficient resources (time, personnel)
Assess quality of info
Describe strengths/problems you heard about
- Describe what matters to people in the community
How to listen to community:
Listening sessions
Public forums
Interviews
Concerns surveys
Focus groups
- Describe what matters to key stakeholders
Who else cares about this issue (stakeholders(
Surveys
Interviews
- For each problem/goal describe evidence indicating whther problem/goal should be priority issue
How frequent it occurs
How many people affected
Impact it has
Community-level indicators related to issue (rate of infant deaths or vehicle crashes)
- Describe the barriers and resources for addressing the identified issues
What resources/assets are available
Barriers/resistance to solving the problem
Secondary data
Not from the source
Census data vs vital statistics
(If we use it then were a secondary source?)
Census:
SES, age distribution, gender, race, ethnicity
Vital:
Birth, death, marriages, divorces, adoption
Primary data (windshield survey)
Visual exam
Senses, sights, sounds, smells
4 components to diagnosing community health problems
Problem (disease, disability, risk)
Population/community
Etiology (cause)
Evidence (health indicator)
SWOT analysis
Guides you to identify the positives/negatives
inside/outside your community
in the external environment (opportunity/threat)
SWOT general areas to consider 5
Human resources (staff, volunteers)
Physical resources (location, equipment)
Financial (grants, funding agencies)
Activities and processes (programs you run)
Past experiences (reputation in communty)
SWOT forces and facts the group doesnt control
The economy
Funding sources
Demographics
Physical environment
Legislation
- Based on the assessment, select the priority issues to be addessed by the group
Prioritize using prioritization matrix
Four boxes measuring:
Cost/effort
Vs
Benefit/value
What is a government health agency?
-how is it funded?
-how does it work
Agency funded by tax dollars
Top-down funding:
-money comes from federal or state level to the local level
What is the WHO (world health organization) and what does it do
How to get a membership
International health organization
Any nation that has endorsed the WHO consitution get a memberhship
Purpose: achieve highest possible level of health globally
Federal department that the principle agency for protecting health?
Who appoints the secretary of health?
How many agencies are there under this department
Department of health & human services (USDHHS)
-11 agencies ex: FDA, NIH, CDC
President appoints the secretary of health
State health agencies
All states have what
Purpose
Usually headed by who (who appoints them)
All states have their own health departments
Purpose:
To promote, protect and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens
Usually headed by:
Medical director appointed by governer
What do state health agencies do? 3
Establish health regulation (restaurant scores)
Serve as conduits for federal funds aimed at local health departments
Have laboratory services available for local health departments
Local health deparments
Responsibility?
Example of services
Responsible for city/county
Ex:
Restaurants
public buildings
public transport inspections
Detection/reporting diseases
Collecting vital statistics
Quasi-governmental health organizations
Operate how
Funding
Example
Operate:
-more like voluntary health organizations
-independently of government supervision
Funding:
Some from government
Ex: american red cross
Non-governmental health agencies
Funding
Why they are made
Operate how
Meet specific what
Types 6
Funding: by private donations or membership dues
Made due to unmet health needs if gov aint fixing it
Operate free from government interference
Meet specific IRS guidelines with tax state
Types:
Voluntary, professional, religious, philanthropic, corporate, service
Voluntary health agencies
Four basic objectives
Primary activity
Ex 2
- Raise money
- Provide education to public & professionals
- Provide services to those afflicted
- Advocacy
Primary activity: fundraising
Ex:
AHA
March of dimes
Service, social & religious organizations
Primary mission may not be what
Religious groups
Primary mission may not be health but make significant contributions
-shriners, Elks, FOP, Kiwanis
Contribution of religious groups to community health is substantial
-food banks, shelters, donate space
Corporate involvement in the community
Biggest role?
What they can do
Ex 3
Biggest role:
Provide health care benefits
Worksite health promotion programs aimed at -lowering health care cost
-decrease absenteeism
Ex:
Fitness centers
Counseling
Education courses
