3rd Mini Assessment Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Regulation of the body’s internal environment
What are the effects of failures of homeostatic mechanisms on the body
-core body temperature is disrupted
-blood glucose levels disrupted
-high blood pressure= hyperglycaemia
-low blood pressure=hypoglycaemia
-effects ph balance
-effects blood pressure
Explain pulmonary circulation
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, we are gas exchange takes place. Oxygen defuses into the blood and carbon dioxide defuses out of the blood and into the air sacs for exhalation
Explain systematic circulation
The left side of the heart pumps blood into the body where sells take oxygen and nutrients. Tissues are passed into the blood for excretion
Explain the structure of the heart
-Adults heart is the size of a closed fist
-It’s surrounded by a tough membrane called the pericardium
-It is a double pump
The right side pumps deoxygenated blood from the veins to the lungs
-The left side carries oxygenated blood from the lungs
Explain the cardiac cycle
- Blood is made in bone marrow.
- Venous blood is sent from body to heart
- The venous blood enters the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava.
- The venous blood goes into the right atrium.
- The Venus blood enters the right ventricle.
- The tricuspid valve closes to stop the blood going back.
- The blood leaves the heart via the pulmonary artery.
- The blood goes to the lungs.
- The pulmonary valve closes to stop the blood going back.
- Gaseous exchange occurs. The blood is given oxygen and becomes arterial blood
- The arterial blood travels back to the heart of the other pulmonary vein
- The arterial blood go to the left atrium.
- The arterial blood gases into the left ventricle.
- The mitral valve closes to stop the blood going back.
- The arterial blood leaves the heart via the aorta
- The aortic valve closes to stop the blood going back.
What is amniocentesis?
-A small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the room, using a needle , and ultrasound control. The fluid contains foetal cells that can be tested for genetic disorders.
-usually carried out between 15 and 18 weeks of pregnancy
What is chorionic villus sampling? (CVS)
-A small sample of cells is removed from the presenter, containing foetal cells that can be tested for various genetic conditions
-usually carried out between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy
Describe the process of respiration into the lungs
The process of respiration begins in the nasal cavity. When we breathe in oxygen, the nasal cavity is covered in three things, ciliated, epithelial tissue, mucous membrane and blood capillaries. These are the functions of moisture, cleaning, and warmth.
We breathe in oxygen through pharynx Larynx and trachea, this is covered in Ring of cartilage to stop collapsing
This oxygen is then taken to our lungs via the bronchial tree
ready for gas exchange
Describe how alveoli are adapted to carry out their function
-Larger surface area also allows for rapid diffusion
Surface is moist
-Gas/oxygen to be exchanged as fast as possible
-Good supply of blood
-Covered in a single layer of simple epithelial
Describe the diaphragm
-Separates the chest from the abdomen
-Dome shaped with less you muscle fibres
-Attached to ribs
-When it contracts, the rib cage is opened up
- When relaxes rib cage, get smaller
What is cell division?
So division is the process by which
a cell divides into two daughter cells.
Jurors are division, the genetic material is replicated and distributed equally between the two daughter cells
What are the roles of the Skeletal system
- Support.
- Protection.
- Attachment
- Mineral storage
- Blood production.
What hormones are involved in blood glucose levels
- Insulin- reduces blood glucose levels
- Glucagon- increases the blood glucose levels
