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3RD BIMEX Flashcards

1
Q

The hepatocytes in this area are the first to undergo fatty accumulation and ischemic
necrosis:

zone I
zone III
zone II

A

zone III

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2
Q

Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions

tiredness and decreased ability to concentrate

hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

A

hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions

nervousness & sweating

hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism

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4
Q

Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions

weight loss & heat intolerance

hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism

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5
Q

Catecholamines are produced by these organs:

adrenal medulla
central nervous system
adrenal cortex
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
A

1st & 2nd choices only

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6
Q

These two organs in the body produce steroid hormones:

pituitary & adrenal glands
pancreas & kidneys
adrenal glands & gonads
pituitary & thyroid glands

A

adrenal glands & gonads

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7
Q

This is the LEAST description of hepatic lobules

A. made up of hundreds of irregular hepatocyte plates
around 2 mm in size
B. the hepatocyte plates are supported by a delicate stroma of reticulin fibers
C. plates are arranged radially around a small central bile duct

A

C. plates are arranged radially around a small central bile duct

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8
Q

These are the CORRECT directions of blood & bile flows:

A. Both blood & the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
B. Blood flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
C. Bile flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the blood flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
D. Blood & bile flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule

A

B. Blood flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.

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9
Q

Most common stone in Cholelithiasis:

uric acid stone
cholesterol stones
brown or black pigment stones

A

cholesterol stones

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10
Q

This is the only digestive organ lined by a mucosa, but without an existing submucosal layer:

gallbladder
pancreas
liver

A

gallbladder

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11
Q

Gigantism & acromegaly are conditions that could result from a functional pituitary
adenomas involving these cells:

thyrotrophs
corticotrophs
somatotropic cells
gonadotrophs

A

somatotropic cells

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12
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

reduces sodium absorption by the kidney

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin

A

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)

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13
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

stimulate pancreas & cholangiocytes to secrete
bicarbonate

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin

A

Secretin

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15
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin

A

Somatostatin

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16
Q

A 40y.o. female patient came in complaining of on & off feeling of head heaviness. At
times, she would have light-headedness & cold sweats, with cold clammy extremities.
Her BP on admission was 160/100, She was admitted and monitored every 6hours.
For the first 24hours, without any medications, her BP records show the following
findings: 120/80, 150/90, 80/50, 160/90. Give your clinical impression:

pituitary adenomas
pheochromocytoma
diabetes Insipidus
addison disease

A

pheochromocytoma

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17
Q

This is a thickening of the liver capsule at the hilum on the inferior side.

portal vein
hepatic septum
porta hepatis

A

porta hepatis

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18
Q

Effects of catecholamines EXCEPT:

dilatation of the pupils
lipolysis
hypoglycemia
increasing the blood pressure

A

hypoglycemia

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19
Q

Thyroid Follicular Activity:

ACTIVE OR RESTING

large amount of acidophilic colloid

A

Resting Follicle

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20
Q

Thyroid Follicular Activity:

ACTIVE OR RESTING

lined by squamous epithelium

A

Resting Follicle

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21
Q

Thyroid Follicular Activity:

ACTIVE OR RESTING

Follicles are small with more microvilli

A

Active Follicle

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22
Q

Thyroid Follicular Activity:

ACTIVE OR RESTING

Nucleus pale with scalloped colloid

A

Active Follicle

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23
Q

This forms 75% of the adenohypophysis and has a thin fibrous capsule.

pars intermedia
pars tuberalis
pars nervosa
pars distalis

A

pars distalis

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24
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

increases intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate

Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone

A

Vit D3 & calcitriol

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25
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

Stimulate thickening of endometrium, producing the
decidua

Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone

A

Progesterone

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26
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

ripening of cervix & softening of pubic symphysis during labor

Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone

A

Relaxin

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27
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:

decrease maternal immune response to allow acceptance of pregnancy

Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone

A

Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)

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28
Q

Pancreatic cancer usually arises from these cells:

islets of Langerhans
pancreatic duct
pancreatic acini

A

pancreatic duct

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29
Q

Most of the Islets of Langerhans are located in this region:

pancreatic head
around pancreatic ducts
pancreatic tail

A

pancreatic tail

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30
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

Found in perisinusoidal space

A

STELLATE

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31
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components

A

STELLATE

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32
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

recognize and phagocytose aged erythrocytes

A

KUPFFER

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33
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

also called Ito cells

A

STELLATE

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34
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

contain lipid droplets that store fat-soluble vitamins

A

STELLATE

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35
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

remove any bacteria or debris present in the portal blood

A

KUPFFER

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36
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

become myofibroblasts after liver injury

A

STELLATE

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37
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

antigen-presenting cells

A

KUPFFER

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38
Q

KUPFFER OR STELLATE

found within the sinusoidal lining

A

KUPFFER

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39
Q

Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:

hepatocytes have an intermediate range of metabolic functions

ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III

A

ZONE II

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40
Q

Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:

carry out functions requiring oxidative metabolism

ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III

A

ZONE I

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41
Q

Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:

preferential sites of glycolysis, lipid formation, and drug
biotransformations

ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III

A

ZONE III

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42
Q

Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:

more involved with detoxification and glycogen
metabolism

A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas

A

A. more central hepatocytes

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43
Q

Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:

involved in exocrine secretion of bile

A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas

A

B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes

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44
Q

Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:

process blood nutrients and secrete the plasma
proteins

A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas

A

C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes

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45
Q

Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:

often more active in protein synthesis

A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas

A

D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas

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46
Q

Characteristics of Adrenal cortex Cells EXCEPT:

tubular mitochondrial cristae
profuse smooth ER (SER)
spherical mitochondria
rich in glycogen droplets

A

rich in glycogen droplets

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47
Q

This is NOT a part of the adenohypophysis:

pars distalis
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars nervosa

A

pars nervosa

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48
Q

This is NOT TRUE regarding the blood supply of the liver:

25% comes from the hepatic artery
O2-poor blood from hepatic vein arising from stomach, intestines, and spleen
About 75% of the blood entering the liver is nutrient rich
O2-rich blood comes from hepatic artery

A

O2-poor blood from hepatic vein arising from stomach, intestines, and spleen

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49
Q

A perisinusoidal space that directly bathe the microvilli projecting from the
hepatocytes:

intercellular space
space of Disse
interlobular space

A

space of Disse

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50
Q

Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:

bones become more mineralized and denser

hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism

A

hypoparathyroidism

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51
Q

Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:

striated muscles exhibit abnormal contractions

hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism

A

hypoparathyroidism

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52
Q

Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:

blood calcium deposited pathologically in cartilage,
arteries, or kidneys

hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism

A

hyperparathyroidism

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53
Q

This layer occupies 65%-80% of the Adrenal cortex:

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

A

zona fasciculata

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54
Q

The initial duct cells in the pancreas extend into lumen of the acinus as small palestaining

centroacinar cells
intercalated cells
cholangiocytes

A

centroacinar cells

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55
Q

What lines the mucous membrane of the Biliary Tract?

simple columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple squamous epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium

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56
Q

This DOES NOT refer to Diabetes Insipidus:

frequent urination (polyuria)
excessive hunger (polyphagia)
increased thirst (polydipsia).
vasopressin deficiency
A

excessive hunger (polyphagia)

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57
Q

This is NOT among the physiologic and pharmacologic functions of Melatonin:

A. Anti-oxidant activity
B. Treatment of insomnia among Elderly people
C. Regulation of circadian rhythms axis
D. Treatment of jet lag
E. Increased level of melatonin is needed for the maturation of gonads

A

E. Increased level of melatonin is needed for the maturation of gonads

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58
Q

To move stored bile into the duodenum, contraction of the gallbladder muscularis is
induced by this substance released from entero endocrine cells of the small
intestine:

cholecystokinin
trypsin
hemosiderin

A

cholecystokinin

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59
Q

This is UNLIKELY to be a feature of Hepatic sinusoids:

A. converge on the lobule’s central vein
B. arterial blood passes thru sinusoids while portal venous blood into central vein
C. have thin, discontinuous linings of fenestrated endothelial cells
D. emerge from the peripheral branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery

A

B. arterial blood passes thru sinusoids while portal venous blood into central vein

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60
Q

Composition of the portal triad:

A venule branch of the portal vein
An arteriole branch of the hepatic artery
One or two small bile ductules of cuboidal epithelium
All

A

All

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61
Q

Describe the correct sequence of the pancreatic ductal system starting from the acini down to the duodenum by assigning letters from A-E

Main pancreatic duct
Intercalated ducts
Interlobular ducts
Centroacinar cells
Intralobular ducts
A 
CENTROacinar cells
INTERCALATED ducts
INTRALOBULAR ducts
INTERLOBULAR ducts
Main pancreatic duct

Main pancreatic duct-E
Intercalated ducts-B
Interlobular ducts-D
Centroacinar cells-A
Intralobular ducts-C
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62
Q

Trace the bile flow starting from its production down to its secretion by assigning letters from A to F

common bile duct 
bile canaliculi
common hepatic duct 
canals of Hering 
right & left hepatic ducts 
bile ductules
A 
bile canaliculi
canals of Hering
bile ductules
right & left hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
common bile duct 
common bile duct -F
bile canaliculi-A
common hepatic duct-E
canals of Hering-B
right & left hepatic ducts-D
bile ductules-C
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63
Q

This is a hydrophilic hormone with receptors on the surface of target cells:

peptides
thyroid hormone
steroid

A

peptides

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64
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System

induces gall bladder contraction

A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

A

A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin

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65
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System

regulation of blood pressure & water balance

A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

A

B. Renin

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66
Q

Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System

promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow

A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

A

C. Erythropoietin

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67
Q

The Pineal gland is also called___.

adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
epiphysis cerebri
Other:

A

epiphysis cerebri

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68
Q

Cells of the Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System that are stained by solutions of chromium salts are called:

Enterochromaffin cells
argentaffin cells
Chromogranin cells

A

Enterochromaffin cells

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69
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

loss of the β cells from autoimmune destruction

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

TYPE 1

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70
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

insulin-dependent (IDDM)

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

TYPE 1

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71
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

Type 2 diabetes

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72
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

juvenile onset

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

TYPE 1

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73
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

β cells fail to produce adequate insulin

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

TYPE 2

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74
Q

Diabetes Mellitus:

adult onset

TYPE 1
TYPE 2

A

TYPE 2

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75
Q

The exocrine pancreas secretes approximately ____L of alkaline pancreatic juice per day.

5.1L
1.5L
15L

A

1.5L

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76
Q

The incomplete obliteration of Rathke’s pouch can lead to remnants that form ____.

cleft cysts
Rathke’s cleft palate
Rathke’s hypophysis

A

cleft cysts

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77
Q

This statement is INCORRECT regarding calcitonin:

secretion is triggered by low blood Ca2+ levels
it inhibits osteoclast activity
secreted by C cells

A

secretion is triggered by low blood Ca2+ levels

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78
Q

In this type of secretion, the hormones act on the producing cells themselves or on cells of the same type:

paracrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
autocrine secretion

A

autocrine secretion

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79
Q

Short Distance Target Cells

Gastrin made by pyloric G cells

paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion

A

paracrine secretion

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80
Q

Short Distance Target Cells

insulin-like growth factor

paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion

A

autocrine secretion

81
Q

iShort Distance Target Cells

embryonic and regenerative tissue interactions

paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion

A

juxtacrine secretion

82
Q

This DOES NOT refer to the pancreas:

A. elongated intraperitoneal organ
B. a mixed exocrine-endocrine gland
C. lobulated parenchyma
D. produces both digestive enzymes and hormones

A

A. elongated intraperitoneal organ

83
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

oxidation of excess fatty acids

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

A. PEROXISOMES

84
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

biotransformation or detoxification of substances

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

B. SMOOTH ER

85
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

conjugation of bilirubin to glucuronate

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

B. SMOOTH ER

86
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

synthesis of plasma proteins

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

C. ROUGH ER

87
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

conversion of excess purines to uric acid

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

A. PEROXISOMES

88
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

mediate temporary storage of iron

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

D. FERRITIN

89
Q

Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes

catalase-mediated breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide

A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN

A

A. PEROXISOMES

90
Q

These are the characteristics of Hepatocytes EXCEPT:

A. large cuboidal or polyhedral epithelial cells
B. large, round central nuclei and frequently binucleated
eosinophilic cytoplasm rich in mitochondria
C. 50% of them are polyploid, with two to eight times the normal chromosome number
D. None

91
Q

The pancreas resembles the parotid gland histologically in the following:

serous acini
striated ducts
islets of endocrine tissue

A

serous acini

92
Q

This statement is INCORRECT regarding the pituitary gland:

A. oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm
B. neural component is the neurohypophyseal bud from future diencephalon as a stalk
C. also called hypophysis
D. it lies in a small cavity on the occipital bone the sella turcica

A

D. it lies in a small cavity on the occipital bone the sella turcica

93
Q

Most of its cell composition are gonadotrophs:

pars distalis
pars nervosa
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia

A

pars tuberalis

94
Q

Embryogenesis of adrenals:

A. The cortex arises from mesoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.
B. The cortex arises from endoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.
C. The cortex arises from ectoderm & the medulla from the endoderm.
D. The cortex arises from neural crest & the medulla from the mesoderm.

A

A. The cortex arises from mesoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.

95
Q

Pancreatic digestive enzymes include the following EXCEPT:

proteases
nucleases
α-amylase
oxidases
lipases
96
Q

Pancreatic cancer usually occurs most often in this part of the organ:

body
tail
head

97
Q

Synthesis of Peptide Hormones

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

A. supraoptic nuclei
B. paraventricular nuclei

A

A. supraoptic nuclei

98
Q

Synthesis of Peptide Hormones

Oxytocin

A. supraoptic nuclei
B. paraventricular nuclei

A

B. paraventricular nuclei

99
Q

A taste bud has 50 to 100 cells, about half of which are elongated ______.

striated smooth muscle cells
skeletal muscle cells
gustatory cells
myoepithelial cells

A

gustatory cells

100
Q

This is NOT correct regarding the roles of surfactant proteins produced by alveolar cells:

SP-C = important for continuous clearing and replacement of new surfactant
SP-A= an abundant hydrophilic glycoprotein
SP-D = important for innate immune protection within alveoli
SP-B = hydrophobic membrane proteins required for proper orientation of
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

A

SP-C = important for continuous clearing and replacement of new surfactant

101
Q

The carotid artery and descending aorta are examples of which type of arteries?

small arteries
elastic artery
muscular artery
metarteriole

A

elastic artery

102
Q

This connective layer of the heart is in contact with the cardiac muscle and contains
small coronary blood vessels, nerves and Purkinje fibers.

subendocardial layer
myocardium
endothelial layer
pericardial sac

A

subendocardial layer

103
Q

This region of the heart has the thinnest myocardial wall due to the low pressure within its chamber.

right ventricle
right atria
left atria
left ventricle

A

right atria

104
Q

Activity is important for moving secretory products into and through the ducts.

serous cells
myoepithelial cells
water
mucous cells

A

myoepithelial cells

105
Q

Cause poor cell staining in routine preparations.

water
serous cells
mucous cells
myoepithelial cells

A

mucous cells

106
Q

This blood vessel has a few pericytes, absent tunica adventitia and the site for oxygen diffusion.

arterioles
venules
metarteriole
capillary

107
Q

Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:

  1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
  2. cartilage plates
  3. smooth muscle layer
  4. cuboidal epithelial cells
  5. squamous epithelial cells

Bronchi

108
Q

Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:

alveolar ducts

  1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
  2. cartilage plates
  3. smooth muscle layer
  4. cuboidal epithelial cells
  5. squamous epithelial cells
109
Q

Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:

terminal bronchioles

  1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
  2. cartilage plates
  3. smooth muscle layer
  4. cuboidal epithelial cells
  5. squamous epithelial cells
110
Q

Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:

respiratory bronchioles

  1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
  2. cartilage plates
  3. smooth muscle layer
  4. cuboidal epithelial cells
  5. squamous epithelial cells
111
Q

Dentin is a calcified tissue harder than bone and composed of ___________.

calcium carbonate
80% calcium pyrophosphate
calcium oxalate
70% Ca hydroxyapatite

A

70% Ca hydroxyapatite

112
Q

The most common radiation induced neoplasm of the salivary gland is _____.

mucoepidermoid carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
pleomorphic adenoma
adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

113
Q

Not true of tongue

A. lower surface of the tongue is smooth, with typical lining mucosa
B. have V-shaped groove called the sulcus vaginalis
C. striated muscle covered by mucosa
D. hundreds of small protruding papillae of various types on its anterior two-thirds

A

B. have V-shaped groove called the sulcus vaginalis

114
Q

Smallest of the major glands, are also considered branched tubuloacinar glands

submandibular gland
salivary ducts
parotid gland
Sublingual gland

A

Sublingual gland

115
Q

Serves as periosteum of alveolar bone

root canal
alveolar septa
alveolar canal
periodontal ligament

A

periodontal ligament

116
Q

Seromucous secretion

submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
A

1st & 2nd choices only

117
Q

The narrow opening between the adducted vocal folds

singer’s nodule
epiglottis
rima glottidis
vocal ligament

A

rima glottidis

118
Q

his component of the thin interalveolar septa prevent both collapse and excessive
distention of alveoli:

elastic and reticular fibers
fibroblasts
extracellular matrix

A

elastic and reticular fibers

119
Q

Surrounds an internal pulp cavity .

enamel
fluoride
dentin
cementum

120
Q

Alveolar Lining Cells

cuboidal cells that bulge into the air space

Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes

A

Type II pneumocytes

121
Q

Alveolar Lining Cells

where alveolar walls unite

Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytesLocated

A

Type II pneumocytes

122
Q

Alveolar Lining Cells

extremely attenuated thin cells

Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes

A

Type I pneumocytes

123
Q

Alveolar Lining Cells

located at the alveolar side of the blood-air bar

Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes

A

Type I pneumocytes

124
Q

This cardiac layer consists mainly of typically contractile cardiac muscle fibers arranged spirally around each heart chamber. It is often found thinnest in the right atria due to the
relatively low pressure in that area.

MYOCARDIUM
EPICARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

A

MYOCARDIUM

125
Q

Not true of each tooth

A. each crown is covered by cementum
B. one or more roots that fit firmly into bony sockets in the jaws called dental alveoli
C. Each tooth has a crown exposed above the gingiva constricted neck at the gum

A

A. each crown is covered by cementum

126
Q

True of enamel and cementum

both are coverings
meet at neck of tooth
both are found at core of tooth
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
A

1st & 2nd choices only

127
Q

The following statements refer to the bronchial tree EXCEPT:

A. larger bronchioles form two to three terminal bronchioles
B. lobar bronchi divide forming tertiary bronchi
C. primary bronchi gives rise to three secondary bronchi in the right lung and two in the left lung
D. trachea divides into two primary bronchi that enter each lung at the hilum

A

A. larger bronchioles form two to three terminal bronchioles

128
Q

Is highly vascular and well innervated and consists largely of loose, mesenchymal connective tissue

dental pulp
root canal
neck
root

A

dental pulp

129
Q

Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:

synthesize thin film of surfactant along alveolar surface

Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara

130
Q

Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:

secretes mucin to humidify air in respiratory tract

Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara

131
Q

Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:

produce fluid surrounding olfactory cilia

Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara

132
Q

Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:

Secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in the bronchial surface

Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara

133
Q

Comprises the structures responsible for maintaining the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular bones

oral survey
mandibular survey
dental ligament
peridontium

A

peridontium

134
Q

Odontoblast are derived from _____.

cranial neural nest
oral epithelial cells
bony islands
bony pyramids

A

cranial neural nest

135
Q

This external tunic of the heart that is the site of the coronary vessels and contains considerable adipose tissues.

subendothelial layer
endocardium
epicardium
myocardium

A

epicardium

136
Q

Which type of capillary is often seen in the kidneys, intestines and choroid plexus?

continuous capillaries
discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries

A

fenestrated capillaries

137
Q

True of enamel except

A. 4% collagen
B. hardest component of the human body,
C. only 2% to 3% organic material including very few proteins
D. consisting of 96% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

4% collagen

138
Q

This is the layer makes up the visceral pericardial layer of the pericardial sac

epicardium
subendothelial layer
myocardium
endocardium

A

epicardium

139
Q

Not true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland:

more common in males
commonly affects parotid gland
most common benign
painless

A

more common in males

140
Q

Which type of capillary is often seen in the liver and red pulp of the spleen?

discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
continuous capillaries

A

discontinuous capillaries

141
Q

Functions of saliva

Chemical digestion
Helps chewing and swallowing
Lubricating effect.
Dissolves food and allows the tongue to taste food
1st & 4th choices only
all of the above
A

all of the above

142
Q

Ducts of several small, serous salivary (von Ebner) glands empty into the deep,
moatlike groove.

circumvallate papillae
fungiform papillae
foliate papillae
filiform papillae

A

circumvallate papillae

143
Q

Total number of paranasal sinuses in humans:

6
4
10
8

144
Q

Anxiety usually causes ________.

semi dry mouth
mucoid mouth
dry mouth
serous mouth

145
Q

Discontinuous capillaries are also known as :

fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries
continuous capillaries

A

sinusoidal capillaries

146
Q

The axons of the Olfactory neurons within the olfactory epithelium leave the epithelium and unite to form this

cranial nerve V
cranial nerve:
cranial nerve VI
cranial nerve III
cranial nerve I
A

cranial nerve I

147
Q

Are found inside the basal lamina surrounding acini, tubules, and the proximal ends of the duct system.

myoepithelial cells
serous cells
water
mucous cells

A

myoepithelial cells

148
Q

Not true of teeth in adult

each quadrant has 2 canines
twenty of the permanent teeth are preceded by primary teeth
each quadrant has eight teeth
normally 32 permanent teeth.

A

each quadrant has 2 canines

149
Q

The vasa-vasorum of large elastic arteries are located in which layer of the blood
vessel?

tunica intima
tunica adventitia
tunica media
internal elastic lamina

A

tunica adventitia

150
Q

The inherited genetic disorder Kartagener syndrome involves the following conditions EXCEPT:

bronchitis
primary ciliary dyskinesia
anosmia
chronic sinusitis

151
Q

watery secretion

submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
A

parotid gland

152
Q

This type of blood vessel distributes blood to all organs and maintain steady blood pressure and flow with vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

CAPILLARY
MUSCULAR ARTERY
MEDIUM VEIN
venules

A

MUSCULAR ARTERY

153
Q

Pleural Membranes:

membrane attached to lung tissue

Visceral Pleura
Parietal Pleura

A

Visceral Pleura

154
Q

Pleural Membranes:

membrane lining the thoracic walls

Visceral Pleura
Parietal Pleura

A

Parietal Pleura

155
Q

This structure is found in the region of the interventricular septum and further divides in
the right and left bundle branches.

bundle of HIs
Sino-atrial node
intercalated disks
Purkinjie fibers

A

bundle of HIs

156
Q

This DOES NOT participate in the blood-air barrier mechanism:

A. thin capillary endothelial cells
B. fused basal laminae of alveolar cells and endothelial cells of capillaries
C. two or three highly attenuated thin alveolar cells
D. thickness of alveolar ducts

A

thickness of alveolar ducts

157
Q

Testing of amylase in pancreatitis can be affected by diseases of salivary glands

true
partly true but not most of the time
rarely not done
false

158
Q

The true lining epithelium of the Epiglottis:

A. lingual surface has ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while laryngeal
surface is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
B. lingual surface has stratified squamous epithelium, while laryngeal surface is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C. lingual and laryngeal surface are both lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
D. lingual and laryngeal surface are both lined by stratified squamous epithelium

A

B. lingual surface has stratified squamous epithelium, while laryngeal surface is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

159
Q

The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The epicardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?

tunica intima
tunica intima
tunica adventitia
tunica media
none of the abovetunica media
none of the above
A

tunica adventitia

160
Q

Cough Treatments:

productive coughs

expectorant
cough suppressants

A

expectorant

161
Q

Cough Treatments:

persistent dry cough without mucus

expectorant
cough suppressants

A

cough suppressants

162
Q

This cardiac layer consists of the lining endothelium, its supporting layer of fibroelastic connective tissue with scattered fibers of smooth muscle, and a deeper layer of connective tissue (often called the subendocardial layer) surrounding variable numbers of modified cardiac muscle fibers which comprise the heart’s impulse conducting system.

MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
EPICARDIUM

A

ENDOCARDIUM

163
Q

Which is FALSE regarding the pores of Kohn

A. other name for fenestrations of alveolar capillaries
B. connect neighboring alveoli that open to different bronchioles
C. penetrate the interalveolar septa
D. permit collateral circulation of air if a bronchiole becomes obstructed

A

other name for fenestrations of alveolar capillaries

164
Q

These vessels are approximately >10mm in diameter with >5 layers of smooth muscles and much collagen. Its tunica adventitia is the thickest layer with interspersing longitudinal bundled smooth muscles.

small veins
venules
medium veins
large veins

A

large veins

165
Q

This statement is NOT TRUE regarding the trachea:

A. fibroelastic tissue attach muscle to the perichondrium
B. cartilage rings open against the esophagus
C. opening of cartilage is bridged by trachealis muscle
D. dozen rounded rings of hyaline cartilage

A

D. dozen rounded rings of hyaline cartilage

166
Q

The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The epicardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?

tunica intima
tunica media
none of the above
tunica adventitia

A

tunica adventitia

167
Q

This layer of the heart is the thickest layer of the heart and makes up the bulk of the
heart.

subendothelial layer
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium

A

myocardium

168
Q

The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The endocardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?

tunica adventitia
none of the above
tunica media
tunica intima

A

tunica intima

169
Q

The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The myocardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
none of the above

A

tunica media

170
Q

Ducts from each lobule converge and drain into interlobular excretory ducts with increasing size and thicker connective tissue layers. The lining of these ducts is/are:

Simple cuboidal
can be any of the above or mixed
Stratified cuboidal
Columnar

A

can be any of the above or mixed

171
Q

This is a blood vessel is only 100-10 um in diameter but it is a major determinant of
systemic blood pressure. It only possesses 1-3 layers of smooth muscle and a very thin connective tissue layer in its tunica adventitia

capillary
arteriole
muscular artery
venule

172
Q

Consisting of epidermal and dermal layers, sweat glands, and many hair follicles with
sebaceous glands

outer layer of lip
inner layer of tongue
oropharynx
inner layer of lip

A

outer layer of lip

173
Q

Consist of several parallel ridges on each side of the tongue.

circumvallate papillae
foliate papillae
fungiform papillae
filiform papillae

A

foliate papillae

174
Q

Mushroom-shaped

foliate papillae
filiform papillae
fungiform papillae
circumvallate papillae

A

fungiform papillae

175
Q

This cleans and humidifies inspired air and provides conduits for air movement to and from alveoli.

alveolar ducts
respiratory bronchioles
alveoli
terminal bronchioles

A

terminal bronchioles

176
Q

This is the layer that surrounds the heart. It is a layer that contains connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and adipocytes

subendothelial layer
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium

A

epicardium

177
Q

This structure is found in the region of the right atria and known as the “Pacemaker of
the Heart”:

Sino-atrial node
bundle of HIs
intercalated disks
Purkinjie fibers

A

Sino-atrial node

178
Q

Cystic mass in 3rd molar with unerupted tooth seen in xray

odontogenic cyst
dentigerous cyst
adamantinoma
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
A

1st & 2nd choices only

179
Q

These cells of the Respiratory epithelium are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system
(DNES) of the body:

Basal cells
Ciliated columnar cells
Brush cells
Kulchitsky cells
Goblet cells
A

Kulchitsky cells

180
Q

Teeth roots are by a bone-like tissue called _______.

enamel
fluoride
cementum
dentin

181
Q

Most common cancer of oral cavity

basal cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
sun induced melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma

182
Q

Where is the specialized Olfactory epithelium located?

roof of nasal cavities
inferior conchae
middle conchae
superior conchae
1ST & 4TH choices only
2nd & 3rd choices only
All of the above
A

1ST & 4TH choices only

183
Q

An acinus is usually composed of _____.

A. Cells containing apical granules with hydrophilic mucins that provide lubricating properties in saliva but cause poor cell staining in routine preparations.
B. Small, flattened cells extend several contractile processes around the associated secretory unit or duct and their activity is important for moving secretory products into
and through the ducts.
C. Polarized protein-secreting cells, Usually pyramidal in shape, with round nuclei, wellstained RER, and apical secretory granules
D. Somewhat more columnar in shape, with more compressed basal.

A

C. Polarized protein-secreting cells, Usually pyramidal in shape, with round nuclei, wellstained RER, and apical secretory granules

184
Q

This layer of the artery is the middle layer and consists chiefly of concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle cells

tunica intima
tunica media
none of the above
tunica adventitia

A

tunica media

185
Q

Which type of capillary have complete, uninterrupted basal lamina and endothelial cell barriers; often seen in muscles and connective tissues?

discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
continuous capillaries

A

continuous capillaries

186
Q

These are large, modified cardiac muscle cells, which are part of the heart conducting system. They are terminal branches of the AV bundle branches located in
subendocardial connective tissue

Sino-atrial node
intercalated disks
bundle of HIs
Purkinjie fibers

A

Purkinjie fibers

187
Q

This layer of the artery is the innermost layer consists of the endothelium and a thin
subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue sometimes containing smooth muscle
fibers. In arteries, this layer includes a thin layer, the internal elastic lamina, composed of elastin, with holes allowing better diffusion of substances from blood deeper into the
wall.

tunica adventitia
none of the above
tunica intima
tunica media

A

tunica intima

188
Q

The oral cavity Is lined with stratified squamous epithelium, which may be ______.

keratinized
partially keratinized
non keratinized
all of the above

A

all of the above

189
Q

The part of the heart has the thickest myocardial wall.

left atria
left ventricle
right auricle
right ventricle

A

left ventricle

190
Q

Lifespan of taste cells

1 month
1 year
7 days
120 days

191
Q

Are elevations of the mucous membrane that assume various forms and functions.

papillary vermilion layer
lingual papilla.
oral sinus
malphigian layer

A

lingual papilla.

192
Q

Smell or taste of food, provokes a copious watery secretion with relatively little organic content.

Parasympathetic stimulation
Sympathetic stimulation
Autocrine secretion
1st & 3rd choices only
All of the above
A

Parasympathetic stimulation

193
Q

True of the ductal system in saliva

A. striated ducts secrete sodium ions via transcytosis
B. secretion is slightly hypotonic in intercalated ducts
C. folded cell membranes of intercalated ducts present a large surface area with ion
transporters
D. none of the above

A

A. striated ducts secrete sodium ions via transcytosis

194
Q

This is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the heart and with elastic recoil help move blood forward under steady pressure. Its outer diameter is >10mm and its tunica media contains many elastic lamellae interspersed with smooth muscle.

elastic artery
capillary
muscular artery
metarterioles

A

elastic artery

195
Q

True of lips except

A. well-developed core of skeletal muscle
B. lips have three differently covered surfaces
C. red vermelion is thin keratinized
D. highly mobile

A

well-developed core of skeletal muscle

196
Q

Not consistent with filiform papillae

A. well-vascularized and innervated cores of lamina propria
B. Elongated conical shape
C. Gray or whitish appearance.
D. Heavily keratinized

A

well-vascularized and innervated cores of lamina propria

197
Q

It is the vasculature/ blood vessel with a thicker tunica adventitia than its tunica media.

artery
capillary
lymphatic vessel
vein

198
Q

Most common malignant tumor in salivary glands

adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
pleomorphic adenoma ex carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

HISTOLOGY (6 decks)

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