3C - The Process Of Psychological Development 🌱

Question 1

What are the areas of psychological development?

Answer 1

• emotional development
• social development
• cognitive development
  all three areas interact and influence eachother

Question 2

What is emotional development?

Answer 2

changes in how a person experiences, interprets and expresses the full range of emotions, and their ability to cope with them effectively.

Question 3

What is attachment?

Answer 3

a close, social and emotional bond between infant and caregivers

Question 4

What is John Bowlby’s theory of attachment?

Answer 4

Bowlby concluded that to grow up mentally healthy and emotionally, an infant requires a warm, intimate and continuous relationship with their caregiver

Question 5

What did John Bowly find while studying emotionally disturbed children?

Answer 5

• a greater likelyhood of developing mental disorders, such as depression.
• have a reduced IQ compared to control group
• demonstrate more antisocial behaviour and deliquency
• have more abnormal interactions and may be unable to form healthy attachments with their own offspring.

Question 6

What were Harry Harlow’s findings in infant-mother attachment?

Answer 6

Harlow found that the infant monkey’s in his study spent significantly more time with the cloth surrogate than they did the wire mother, simply only going to the wire mother to feed before returning back to the cloth surrogate.

Question 7

What did Harry Harlow’s findings assume?

Answer 7

that contact comfort was also likely to be a crucial factor in formation of human-caregiver attachments.

Question 8

what is social development?

Answer 8

changes in a person’s ability to interact with other people and function as a member of society

Question 9

what is observational learning?

Answer 9

the development of new behaviours as a result of observing the actions of others and the consequences of those actions

Question 10

what is modelling?

Answer 10

a form of learning where we observe behaviour of others and then replicate it

Question 11

what is Albert Bandura’s social learning theory?

Answer 11

the theory that one of the ways we learn which behaviours to repeat or not repeat is through observational learning

Question 12

what is cognitive development?

Answer 12

changes in an individuals mental abilities

Question 13

what is assimilation?

Answer 13

a cognitive process that involves taking a new concept and fitting it into or making it part of a pre-existing mental idea or structure

Question 14

define ‘schema’

Answer 14

our pre-existing mental ideas relating to a given concept that help us organise and interpret new information

Question 15

what is accommodation?

Answer 15

a cognitive process that involves changing or adjusting existing ideas to deal with new situations

Question 16

what is object permanence?

Answer 16

an understanding that objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen, touched, or heard. developed in sensorimotor stage

Question 17

describe piaget’s sensorimotor stage

Answer 17

ages 0-2 years. in this stage, infants are developing the ability to coordinate their sensory input with their motor actions, and also the ability to perform goal-directed behaviour

Question 18

what is goal-directed behaviour?

Answer 18

a planned series of actions with a purpose, developed in sensorimotor stage

Question 19

describe piaget’s pre-operational stage

Answer 19

ages 2-7 years. children learn to use symbols more confidently to solve simple problems and talk about things that are not physically present, they are likely to engage in pretend play

Question 20

what is symbolic thinking?

Answer 20

a type of thinking that uses symbols, such as words or images, to solve simple problems and to talk about things that are not physically present. developed in pre-operational stage

Question 21

what is animism?

Answer 21

developed in pre-operational stage. the belief that inanimate objects have feelings and intentions

Question 22

what is egocentrism?

Answer 22

developed in pre-operational stage. a limited ability to share or appreciate someone else’s point of view

Question 23

what is transformation?

Answer 23

developed in pre-operational stage. the understanding that something can change from one state, form or structure to another

Question 24

describe piaget’s concrete operational stage

Answer 24

in this stage, children can now perform several mental operations on real, concrete objects and events.

Question 25

what is reversibility?

Answer 25

developed during the concrete operational stage. the understanding that actions can be undone or reversed

Question 26

what is conversation?

Answer 26

developed during the concrete operational stage. the understanding that certain qualities of an object remain the same even when its appearance changes. e.g. conversation of mass, conversation of volume, conversation of number

Question 27

what is classification

Answer 27

developed during the concrete operational stage. the ability to sort objects into groups based on their features

Question 28

describe piaget’s formal operational stage

Answer 28

11+ years. during this stage, adolescents become more systematic in their problem solving attempts.

Question 29

what is hypothetical deductive reasoning?

Answer 29

developed during piaget’s formal operational stage. a way of thinking that involves developing a hypothesis based on might logically occur

Question 30

what is abstract thinking

Answer 30

developed during formal operational stage. a way of thinking that is not reliant on directly observing, visualising, experiencing or manipulating something to understand it.