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Z: Commercial Vehicle Industry > 3C New Energy Powertrains > Flashcards

3C New Energy Powertrains Flashcards

1
Q

NEV

A

New Energy Vehicle

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2
Q

LPG

A

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

- Intermediary technology to natural gas, mostly obsolete in developed countries

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3
Q

LNG

A

Liquefied Natural Gas

- lastest natural gas solution with high energy density work

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4
Q

ICE

A

Internal Combustion Engine

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5
Q

Hydrogen ICE

A

modified traditional ICE with hydrogen as combustion fuel

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6
Q

HEV - voltage?

A

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Medium voltage electric motor to assist the process of driving, no charging)

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7
Q

PHEV

A

Plug-in hybrid. High voltage with charging battery that can run either on battery or diesel

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8
Q

BEV

A

Battery Electric Vehicle
- power fully relies on battery electric power

–> mature infrastructure

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9
Q

MHEV

A

Mild hybrids are generally cars with an internal combustion engine equipped with an electric machine. Low voltage electric motor only serve the process of start and brake. Battery-assisted.

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10
Q

Hydrogen fuel cell

A
  • use hydrogen to generate electric power that can support vehicles

= Fuel Cell

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11
Q

In which stage is Hydrogen fuel cell?
How developed is technology?
For which type of transport?

A

High energy density solution for long-haul transport but undeveloped technology

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12
Q

What role do alternative fuels take?

A

MHEV (Mild Hybrid), LNG & others as bridging solutions

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13
Q

Key features of BEV

A
  • milage per charge 200-300 miles

- charging speed 8h

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14
Q

Advantages of BEV

A
  • BEV will be more cost efficient the ICE, with TCO partiy around 2025
  • Clean energy
  • flexible refueling
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15
Q

Current limitations of BEV

tip: think of physical properties

A
  • low charging speed
  • milage limitation
  • additional weight
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16
Q

How does the fuel cell work?

A

It turns hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) into electricity to drive motor

17
Q

Key features & advantages of the fuel cell?

A
  • high energy density: milage per charge 400-600 km
  • quick refuelling: charging speed: 5-15min
  • fuel usage: hydrogen -> only water as final remains
18
Q

Limitations of the fuel cell

A
  • High price: high equipment cost FC stack 100-150k and high hydrogen cost 100$ per 100km
  • technology not ready by 2030: improvement in terms of durability and safety needed
  • undeveloped hydrogen society: unstable hydrogen supply and insufficient hydrogen fuelling infrastructure
19
Q

Alternative fuels key features

A
  • same milage as with ICE
20
Q

Advantage of Mild hybrid vehilces

A
  • less limitation on milage or infrastructure
  • low R&D threshold
  • effective on light commercial vehicles urban driving cases with frequent stop-and-go
21
Q

Limitations of Mild hybrid vehicles

A
  • cost of two powertrains driving up vehicle price
  • limited effect in heavy vehicles
  • advantages overall less clear than pure ICE or pure EV
  • not a clean technology
22
Q

LNG System key features

A
  • milage 500-600km
  • charging in 5-10min.
  • LNG fuel
23
Q

Advantages of LNG system

A
  • high energy density = 500km per charge
  • quick refuelling
  • low costs given favorable natural gas price
24
Q

Current limitations of LNG system

A
  • LNG stations not fully available and high reliance on gas supply network
  • unstable price
  • technology barrier: safety needs to be improved, not clean, not mature.
25
Q

LCV

A

light commercial vehicle. Less than 6 tons

26
Q

MDT

A

medium duty truck 6-16 tons.

27
Q

HDT

A

High duty trucks > 15 tons.

28
Q

Which use case has most km/day

A

HDT that does long-haul transportation for non-perishable goods sold in mass quantities; some perishable gods
–> Hub -> hub/city 200-750km

29
Q

How many km/day do special use HDT do?

A

For construction, harbor, mining it are usually up to 175km/day

30
Q

What about the US and new energy powertrains?

A

US:

  • rich reserves and low price of oil and natural gas
  • limited subsidies by Federal & States government
  • no strict emission reduction targets nation wide
  • -> Frontrunner of LNG; follower of BEV, Fuel Cell
31
Q

What about the Europe and new energy powertrains?

A
  • limited reserves of oil and gas
  • EURO VI for HDT introduced with strict emission limits
  • Country variance exist, BEV by Germany, LNG by Italy, Fuel cell more by France
  • -> Frontrunner of BEV and fuel cell; follower of alternative fuels
32
Q

What about China and new energy powertrains?

A
  • limited reserves of oil and gas
  • China VI for HDT to be adopted with strict emission limits
  • Dual-credit policy for CVs to be introduced further escalates battery adoption
  • fuel cell route favored by major OEMs
  • -> Frontrunner of BEV and Fuel Cell; follower of alternative fuels, LNG
33
Q

In Europe for which use cases should the fuel cell be used?

A

Inter-city delivery and long-haul transport

MDT, HDT

34
Q

In Europe for which use cases should battery be used?

A

Inner city delivery, inter-city delivery for LCV & MDT.

35
Q

Does Europe lead NEV adoption for LCVs?

A

Yes with BEV

36
Q

Does Europe lead NEV adoption for MDTs?

A

Yes for MHEV

Z: Commercial Vehicle Industry (12 decks)

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