3B: Organ Systems

Question 1

Which muscle type(s) are always uninucleated?

Answer 1

smooth muscle

*cardiac cells can have 1 or 2 nuclei and skeletal cells have many

Question 2

Which area of the renal interstitial has the highest solute concentrations?

Answer 2

inner medulla

-as you travel from cortex towards inside of kidney, the solute concentration increases

Question 3

What is the function of HMG-CoA reductase?

Answer 3

helps with production of cholesterol by smooth ER

Question 4

Which cells are almost always found in G0 phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

neurons-do not divide

Question 5

Decreased blood pressure has what effect on glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 5

decreased GFR allowing for more time for reabsorption and decreased clearance

Question 6

Two primary factors that determine blood pressure?

Answer 6

cardiac output and resistance to blood flow

BP= CO x TPR

Question 7

Two primary factors that determine cardiac output?

Answer 7

heart rate and stroke volume

CO= HR x SV

Question 8

What causes edema to occur?

Answer 8

decrease in protein plasma concentration (less hypertonic) so increased fluid in body tissues

Question 9

Why are animal derived antibodies a problem for human use?

Answer 9

repeated usage will elicit production of human anti-animal antibodies

Question 10

Blood from small intestine is transported first to which organ?

Answer 10

liver- regulate nutrient distribution and remove toxins in blood

Question 11

Cl- concentration of RBC greater in systemic veins or arteries?

Answer 11

veins-HCO-3 concentration is higher