3a.2 - Diffusion through Membranes, Active Transport and Water Flow through Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does gas exchange happen?

A

The lungs

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2
Q

What is the job of the lungs?

A

To transfer oxygen to the blood and to remove waste carbon dioxide from it

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3
Q

How do the lungs exchange gas?

A

They contain millions of little air sacs called alveoli

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4
Q

How are alveoli specialised to maximise the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide? (4)

A
  • Have an enormous surface area
  • Moist lining
  • Thin walls
  • Good blood supply
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5
Q

Where are villi found?

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

Why do the small intestines contain villi?

A

So digested food is absorbed much more quickly into the blood

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7
Q

How are villi specialised for absorbing in the small intestine? (2)

A
  • Single layer of cells

- Good blood supply

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8
Q

What are root hair cells specialised for?

A

Absorbing water and minerals

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9
Q

How are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals?

A
  • Big surface area
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10
Q

What process do plants do to absorb water and minerals?

A

Active transport

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11
Q

Why do plants need to use active transport to absorb water and minerals?

A

The concentration of minerals is usually higher in the root hair cell than the soil so normal diffusion doesn’t work

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12
Q

What is active transport?

A

Absorbing something that goes against the concentration gradient

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13
Q

Where does active transport happen? (3)

A
  • Root hair cells - minerals
  • Gut - glucose
  • Kidney tubules - glucose
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14
Q

What does active transport need to make it work?

A

Energy from respiration

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15
Q

What do phloem tubes transport?

A

Food

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16
Q

What are phloem tubes made from?

A

Made of columns of living cells with small holes in the ends to allow stuff to flow through

17
Q

Where to phloem tubes transport food to? (2)

A
  • Growing regions

- Storage organs

18
Q

Which direction does transport go in phloem tubes?

A

Both directions

19
Q

What do xylem tubes transport?

A

Water and minerals

20
Q

What are xylem tubes made of?

A

Dead cells with no end walls between them with a hole in the middle

21
Q

What direction does transport go in xylem tubes?

A

Up

22
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water from the plant

23
Q

What is transpiration caused by?

A

Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside the leaves

24
Q

What is the transpiration stream?

A

Through shortages of water on the leaves (because of transpiration), so more water is drawn up through the xylem from the roots to replace it