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Biology > 2b.3 - DNA, Meiosis and Mitosis > Flashcards

2b.3 - DNA, Meiosis and Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Instructions to put an organism together and make it work

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2
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In the nucleus of animal and plant cells in long molecules called chromosomes

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA

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4
Q

What do genes contain?

A

Instructions to make a specific protein

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5
Q

How do cells make proteins?

A

Stringing amino acids together in a particular order

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6
Q

How many amino acids are used to make thousands of different proteins?

A

20

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7
Q

How many different proteins can 20 amino acids make?

A

Thousands

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8
Q

What do genes do?

A

It tells cells in what order to put the amino acids and what proteins the cells produce

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9
Q

What are the exceptions to ‘everyone’s DNA is unique’? (2)

A
  • Clones

- Identical twins

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10
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting?

A

It is a way of cutting up a person’s DNA into small sections and then separating them

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11
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting used for? (2)

A
  • Forensic science

- Paternity testing

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12
Q

What are the advantages to there being a national genetic database?

A

Easier to solve crimes

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages to there being a national genetic database? (3)

A
  • Invasion of privacy
  • Sceptical as to what else it could be used for
  • False positives or misinterpretations
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14
Q

What does mitosis make?

A

New cells for growth or repair

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15
Q

How does mitosis reproduce itself?

A

By splitting to form two identical offspring

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16
Q

Describe the process of mitosis (5)

A
  • Cell gets a signal to divide
  • Duplicates itself
  • Chromosomes line up along the centre
  • Cell fibres pull them apart
  • Membranes form and the cytoplasm divides
17
Q

What type of reproduction uses mitosis?

A

Asexual

18
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

19
Q

How many divisions does mitosis involve?

A

One

20
Q

How many divisions does meiosis involve?

A

Two

21
Q

Where is the only place meiosis happens?

A

The reproductive organs

22
Q

What type of cells does meiosis produce?

A

Cells which have half the normal number of chromosomes

23
Q

Describe the process of meiosis (5)

A
  • DNA duplicates
  • Chromosome pair line up along the middle
  • Pulled apart by cell fibres
  • Chromosomes line up again and pulled again
  • Four gametes with a single set of chromosomes

Biology (18 decks)

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