2b.2 - Enzymes and Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of respiration is the most efficient?

A

Aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is energy released by aerobic respiration used for? (4)

A
  • Build up larger molecules fro smaller oner (like proteins from amino acids)
  • To allow muscles to contract
  • To keep body temperature steady
  • In plants, build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which then become protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does exercise increase and why? (2)

A
  • Breathing rate to get more oxygen

- Heart rate to take away the carbon dioxide made in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is glucose stored as?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is glycogen mainly stored?

A

In the liver but each muscle has its own store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is glycogen needed?

A

During exercise glucose is used rapidly so glycogen is converted back to glucose to provide more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose -> energy + lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration not the most efficient?

A

Lactic acid builds up in the muscles which causes muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an advantage of anaerobic respiration?

A

Muscles can be kept going for a little bit longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does anaerobic respiration lead to?

A

Oxygen debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do you still breath heavily after you have finished exercising?

A

To replace the oxygen debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the lactic acid after you stop exercising?

A

The oxygen breathed in after the exercise stops oxidises it and turns it into CO2 and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What enzymes are mainly used in detergents?

A

Proteases and lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are proteases and lipases used in detergents?

A

They can break down animal and plant matter which is ideal for removing stains

17
Q

What temperature do biological detergents work best at?

A

Low temperatures (e.g 30C)

18
Q

Why are proteases used in baby food?

A

They pre-digest the enzymes so they are easier for the baby to digest

19
Q

What enzyme is used to turn starch syrup into sugar syrup?

A

Carbohydrases

20
Q

What enzyme turns glucose syrup into fructose syrup?

A

An isomerase enzyme

21
Q

Why would glucose syrup be turned into fructose syrup?

A

To make it sweeter so less can be used which is good for slimming products

22
Q

What are the advantages to using enzymes in industry? (4)

A
  • They’re specific
  • Low temperature and pressure saves money
  • Work for a long time
  • They are biodegradable
23
Q

What are the disadvantages to using enzymes in industry? (4)

A
  • People can develop allergies
  • Sensitive - denature and are poisoned easily so need to be tightly controlled
  • Expensive to produce
  • Contamination can affect the reaction