2b.2 - Enzymes and Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell
Which type of respiration is the most efficient?
Aerobic respiration
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + Energy
What is energy released by aerobic respiration used for? (4)
- Build up larger molecules fro smaller oner (like proteins from amino acids)
- To allow muscles to contract
- To keep body temperature steady
- In plants, build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which then become protein
What does exercise increase and why? (2)
- Breathing rate to get more oxygen
- Heart rate to take away the carbon dioxide made in respiration
What is glucose stored as?
Glycogen
Where is glycogen mainly stored?
In the liver but each muscle has its own store
Why is glycogen needed?
During exercise glucose is used rapidly so glycogen is converted back to glucose to provide more energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose -> energy + lactic acid
Why is anaerobic respiration not the most efficient?
Lactic acid builds up in the muscles which causes muscle fatigue
What is an advantage of anaerobic respiration?
Muscles can be kept going for a little bit longer
What does anaerobic respiration lead to?
Oxygen debt
Why do you still breath heavily after you have finished exercising?
To replace the oxygen debt
What happens to the lactic acid after you stop exercising?
The oxygen breathed in after the exercise stops oxidises it and turns it into CO2 and water
What enzymes are mainly used in detergents?
Proteases and lipases
Why are proteases and lipases used in detergents?
They can break down animal and plant matter which is ideal for removing stains
What temperature do biological detergents work best at?
Low temperatures (e.g 30C)
Why are proteases used in baby food?
They pre-digest the enzymes so they are easier for the baby to digest
What enzyme is used to turn starch syrup into sugar syrup?
Carbohydrases
What enzyme turns glucose syrup into fructose syrup?
An isomerase enzyme
Why would glucose syrup be turned into fructose syrup?
To make it sweeter so less can be used which is good for slimming products
What are the advantages to using enzymes in industry? (4)
- They’re specific
- Low temperature and pressure saves money
- Work for a long time
- They are biodegradable
What are the disadvantages to using enzymes in industry? (4)
- People can develop allergies
- Sensitive - denature and are poisoned easily so need to be tightly controlled
- Expensive to produce
- Contamination can affect the reaction
