3a) - Getting The Most From Reactants

Question 1

How are industrial processes designed

Answer 1

Industrial processes are designed to maximise profit and minimise the impact on the environment.

Question 2

Factors influencing industrial process design include(5):

Answer 2

• availability, sustainability and cost of feedstock
• opportunities for recycling
• energy requirements
• marketability of by products
• product yield

Question 3

Environmental considerations include

Answer 3

• minimising waste
• avoiding the use or production of toxic substances
• designing products which will biodegrade if appropriate

Question 4

When asked to identify how to increase profit and reduce environmental factors or why a process could be considered as green

Answer 4

• look for a product which is made/used up/needed more than once and create a link e.g. of carbon dioxide is released at the end but needed at start draw arrow backwards.
• water is non toxic, or you could sell by products

Question 5

What are the steps to balancing a chemical equation

Answer 5

1- write down how many there are of each atom on each side
2- balance each atom in turn

Question 6

What are the valencies

Answer 6

Group no. - 12345678/0
Valency - 12343210

Question 7

What is the SVSDF system

Answer 7

Symbol
Valency
Swap
Divide
Formula

Question 8

Roman numeral valencies

Answer 8

I - 1
II - 2
III - 3
IV - 4
V - 5
VI - 6

Question 9

Formula of compounds containing group ions - 2pts

Answer 9

• the number of charges on group ion can be used as valency
• when formula contains more than one group ion write in brackets

Question 10

If you see prefix do not use SVSDF system

Answer 10

Mono - 1
Di - 2
Tri - 3
Tetra - 4
Penta - 5
Hexa - 6

Question 11

How to calculate excess and limiting

Answer 11

• Firstly calculate number of moles of the two needed reactants
• check the mole ratio
• check what we need and what we got
• determine excess and limiting

Question 12

What should we do In order to ensure a costly reactant is converted into products

Answer 12

In order to ensure that a costly reactant is converted into product, an excess of the less expensive reactant(s) can be used.

Question 13

What does atom economy measure

Answer 13

The atom economy measures the proportion of the total mass of all starting materials converted into the desired product in the balanced equation

Question 14

What is the explanation of 100% atom economy

Answer 14

• mass of product is equal to mass of reactants
• no by products/no waste products/ only one product formed

Question 15

2 main points about atom economy

Answer 15

• if only one product atom economy is 100%
• need to multiply any coefficients

Question 16

How to compare volumes

Answer 16

Calculate number of moles and determine which is greater or lower dependant of question

Question 17

What is molar volume at 20°C

Answer 17

24lmol-1

Question 18

Molar volume equation

Answer 18

Volume = moles x molar volume