2g) - Oxidation of Food Flashcards
What is oxidation for carbon compounds
Oxidation is an increase in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio
What is reduction for carbon compounds
Reduction is a decrease in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio
What are aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are molecules containing a carbonyl functional group C=O
What can primary alcohols oxidise to
Primary alcohol ——> aldehyde ——> carboxylic acid
What can secondary alcohols oxidise to
Secondary alcohol ——> ketone
What can a tertiary alcohol oxidise to
Tertiary alcohol ——> does not oxidise
How to name an aldehyde?
Step 1: Name the longest chain that contains the carbonyl group
Step 2: Number chain with carbonyl
= 1
Step 3: Name the branches and number according to step 2
Step 4: If multiple of the same branch use di-, tri- etc, if different types of branch then name alphabetically
How to name a ketone
Step 1: Name the longest chain that contains the carbonyl group
Step 2: Number chain with from end closes to carbonyl
Step 3: Name the branches and number according to step 2
Step 4: If multiple of the same branch use di-, tri- etc, if different types of branch then name alphabetically
What can hot copper oxide or acidified dichromate solutions be used to oxidise
- primary alcohols into aldehyde and then to carboxylic acid
- secondary alcohols to ketone
What can oxidising agents be used for
Oxidising agents can be used to differentiate between an aldehyde and a ketone
What happens to an aldehyde with fehlings solution
With aldehyde - blue ——> brick red
What happens to an aldehyde with Tollens reagent
With aldehyde - colourless ——> silver mirror
What happens to an aldehyde with acidified dichromate
With aldehyde - orange ——> green
What are many flavour and aroma molecules
- Many flavour and aroma molecules are aldehydes
What does oxygen from the air cause
Oxygen from the air causes oxidation of food
