2a) - Systemtaic Carbon Chemistry

Question 1

Name the prefix that goes with each number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon chain

Answer 1

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct

Question 2

What is a homologous series

Answer 2

A homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

Question 3

Sumarise alkanes

Answer 3

• alkanes are the simplest homologous series
• alkanes contain c-c single bonds and are saturated
• the general formula is CnH2n+2
• the names of alkanes always end in ANE

Question 4

Summarise alkenes

Answer 4

• alkenes are another homologous series of hydrocarbons
• alkenes contain at least one c=c double bond and are unsaturated
• general formula is CnH2n
• the name of alkenes sometimes contain a number, this number indicates the position of the double bond

Question 5

What is the difference between a straight chain and a branched chain hydrocarbon

Answer 5

Straight chain - all the carbon atoms in the molecule are linked one after the other in a single continuous chain

Branched chain - the molecule has one or more side chains of carbon atoms coming out of the main chain

Question 6

Types of branches

Answer 6

Methyl branch - one carbon atom - CH3
Ethyl branch - two carbon atoms - C2H5
Propyl branch - three carbon atoms - C3H7

Question 7

If a side chain occurs more than once write down how many times it occurs

Answer 7

di (2 branches)
tri (3 branches)
tetra (4 branches)

Question 8

Which type of order are branches named in

Answer 8

Branches are named in alphabetical order to ethyl before methyl

Question 9

How to name a branched alkane

Answer 9

1 - identify the longest carbon chain, name alkane with this number of carbon atoms
2 - identify branch name and name it according to the number of carbon atoms in the branch
3- number branch so it has the lowest of two possible numbers

Question 10

How to name branched alkene

Answer 10

• position of double bond must be Identified
• number showing position placed before -ene
• the position of the double bond is more important than the position of the branch

Question 11

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes and cycloalkanes

Answer 11

Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes and cycloalkanes because they have a double bond

Question 12

What is an addition reaction

Answer 12

In an addition reaction, two molecules combine to form a single molecule

Question 13

In an addition reaction what happens

Answer 13

In an addition reaction the double bond of the alkene partially breaks when the reactant molecules attacks and adds across it

Question 14

Type of addition reactions

Answer 14

Halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation

Question 15

Draw a diagram to show all types of addition reactions

Answer 15

Check jotter for answer

Question 16

How can you distinguish an unsaturated compound from a saturated compound

Answer 16

It is possible to distinguish an unsaturated compound from a saturated compound using bromine solution

Question 17

What do unsaturated compounds decolourise

Answer 17

Unsaturated compounds decolourise bromine solution quickly

Question 18

What is the colour change during halogenation ( unsaturated compound declorising bromine solution)

Answer 18

Bromine solution is brown - only brown when joined together
Solution goes colourless

Question 19

Things to consider when drawing isomers

Answer 19

Name isomer to check if it has the same name
Use molecular formula to help check if you have right number of atoms

Question 20

What is an isomer

Answer 20

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 21

What are some features of isomer

Answer 21

• isomers may belong to different homologous series
• usually have different physical properties