2f) - Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins the major structural material of
Proteins are the major structural materials of animal tissue and are also involved in the maintenance and regulation of life processes
What are enzymes
Enzymes are proteins which act as biological catalysts
What are amino acids
Amino acids, the building blocks from which proteins are formed
What groups do amino acids contain
Amino acids are relatively small molecules which all contain an amino group -NH2 and a carboxyl group -COOH
What are proteins made of
Proteins are made of many amino acids linked together by condensation reactions
Identify the carboxyl and amino group in molecules
-COOH -H-N-H
What happens in the condensation reactions of proteins
In these reactions, the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid join, with the elimination of water
What is the link which forms between two amino acids known as
The link which forms between two amino acids is known as a peptide link - CONH- or also as an amide link
Identify an amide / peptide link
O=C-N-H
Why must some amino acids be acquired from the diet
The body cannot make all of the amino acids required for protein synthesis and certain amino acids knows as essential amino acids must be acquired from the diet
What happens during digestion
During digestion, enzyme hydrolysis of protein produces amino acids
What is the equation for making an amino acid
Protein + water ——> amino acid
What are the chains of proteins held together by
The chains are held in these forms by intermolecular bonding between the side chains of to constituent amino acids
What happens when proteins are heated
When proteins are heated, these intermolecular bonds are broken, allowing protein molecules to change shape - denature
What can the denaturing of proteins in foods cause
The denaturing of proteins in foods causes the texture to change when it is cooked
