37-38- Legionella and others

Question 1

Legionella- diseases

Answer 1

Pontiac Fever, Legionnaires Disease

Question 2

Legionella- clinical presentation

Answer 2

Pontiac Fever has flu like symptoms (fever, chills, myalgia, malaise and headache). Legionnaires Disease has pneumonia like symptoms and after 2-10 days incubation can lead to death

Question 3

Legionella- lab tests

Answer 3

Gram Negative Rods, Grow on Buffered Charcoal Yeast

Question 4

Legionella- epidemiology

Answer 4

Commonly found in natural bodies of water, cooling towers, condensers and water systems. Most commonly aquired from exposure to contaminated aerosols. Patients at high risk include patients with compromised pulmonary function and patients with decreased cellular immunity.

Question 5

Legionella- pathogenesis

Answer 5

Intracellular parasites that multiply in free-living amoeba in nature and in alveolar macrophages, monocytes and alveolar epithelial cells in infected hosts.

Question 6

Bartonella- diseases

Answer 6

Carrion Disease, Trench Fever, Cat-Scratch Disease

Question 7

Bartonella- clinical Sx

Answer 7

Recurrent Fevers and angioproliferative lesions (blood-filled cysts)

Question 8

Bartonella- lab tests

Answer 8

Gram negative, aerobic rods that can grow on blood agar after 1-6 weeks

Question 9

Bartonella- Epidemiology

Answer 9

Found in a variety of animal reservoirs and spread to humans through insect vectors.

Question 10

Cardiobacterium- diseases

Answer 10

Endocarditis

Question 11

Cardiobacterium- clinical Sx

Answer 11

Fatigue, malaise and low-grade fever that can last for months until antibiotic therapy

Question 12

Cardiobacterium- lab tests

Answer 12

Gram negative. Fermentative, oxidase positive and catalase negative.

Question 13

Cardiobacterium- epidemiology

Answer 13

Most patients infected have preexisting heart disease and a history of oral disease or have undergone dental preocedures before the clinical symptoms develop.

Question 14

Cardiobacterium- pathogenesis

Answer 14

Organisms endter the blood from the oropharynx, adhere to the damaged heart tissue and multiply.

Question 15

Capnocytophagia- diseases

Answer 15

DF-1, DF-2 and Dysgonomonas

Question 16

Capnocytophagia- clinical Sx

Answer 16

DF-1 - periodontitis, septicemia and rarely endocarditis. Dysgonomonas - gastroenteritis

Question 17

Capnocytophagia- lab tests

Answer 17

Gram negative rods, capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth in the presence of carbon dioxide

Question 18

Capnocytophagia- epidemiology

Answer 18

DF-1 - colonize the oropharynx. DF-2 - colonize oral cavities of dogs and cats, associated with bite wounds.

Question 19

Streptobacillus- diseases

Answer 19

Rat-Bite Fever, Haverhill Fever

Question 20

Streptobacillus- Clinical Sx

Answer 20

After 2-10 day incubation, irregular fever, headache, chills, muscle pain and polyarthralgias. Maculopapular rash develops with involvement extending to the hands and feet. Death in 10% of cases.

Question 21

Streptobacillus- lab tests

Answer 21

Gram negative rod. Granules are bulbous swellings resembling a string of beads

Question 22

Streptobacillus- epidemiology

Answer 22

Found in nasopharynx of rats and animals that feed on rodents. Infection results from rodent bites or from consumption of contaminated food or water