36)Antiviral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antiviral drugs

A

Used to treat viral infections

Many antiviral drugs are purine or pyrimidine analogues

Many are prodrugs ⇢ must be phosphorylated by viral/cellular enzymes in order to become active

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2
Q

Classification

A

Anti-herpes viral agents

  • Acyclovir, Valacyclovir
  • Idoxuridine + Tromantadine

Anti-influenza viral agents

  • Amantadine, Rimantadine
  • Oseltamivir + Zanamivir

Used too treat cytomegalovirus infection:

  • Ganciclovir, Cidofovir + Fomivirsen
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3
Q

Classification - Anti-retroviral agents/Anti-HIV drugs + Drugs used for viral hepatitis

A

NRTIs - Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition

  • Zidovudine + Didanosine

NNTIs - Non ‘’

  • Nevirapine

Protease inhibitors

  • Ritonavir

Used for viral hepatitis

  • Interferon alpha + Ribavirin
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4
Q

Characteristics

A
  • Able to enter cells infected by a virus
  • Interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis/regulation
  • Interfere w/ability of virus to bind to cells
  • Stimulates body’s immune system - healthy immune system works synergistically w/drug
  • Purine/Pyrimidine analogues
  • Clinical efficiency ⇢ depends on achieving inhibitory concentration at site of infection within infected cells
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5
Q

Acyclovir

A

PD ⇢ inhibits viral DNA synthesis

PKs:⇢ poor oral absorption, Lipophilic + excreted by kidneys mainly

Side effects:

  • Nausea, diarrhoea + headache
  • Rashes, sweating + ⇣ BP
  • Nephrotoxicity + Neurotoxicity

Clinical use

  • Treats herpes simplex + varicella-zoster virus
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6
Q

Anit-Influenza drugs

A

Caused by 3 RNA viruses- Influenza A, B or C

Neuraminidase inhibitors ⇢ Oseltamivir + Zanamivir

  • Inhibit neuraminidase enzymelocks virus into cell
  • Oseltamivirorally taken ⇢ prevents flu for those over 1 yrs age
  • Zanamivir ⇢ treats those over 7 yrs
  • Both immediately effective after flu symptoms have set
  • Side effects ⇢ Nausea, vomiting, runny nose, cough + diarrhoea

M2 protein inhibitors ⇢ adamantane derivatives

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7
Q

HIV treatment NRTIs

A

Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitors ⇢ Zidovudine + Didanosine

  • Prevent acute infection of cells ⇢ do not affect already infected cells
  • Resistance to these may occur ⇢ ineffective long term
  • Side effects ⇢ neuropathy
  • Zidovudine ⇢ hepatotoxicity
  • Didanosine ⇢ pancreatitis
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8
Q

NNTIs

A

Nevirapine

  • Non nucleoside antimetabolites
  • Prone to adverse DDIS
  • Side effects ⇢ rash + CNS toxicity
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9
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

Saquinavir

  • Inhibit protease enzyme ⇢ responsible for virus assembly
  • Side effects ⇢ unusual fat distribution + insulin resistance
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