3.6

Question 1

Are found on almost every cell in the body plays key roles in embryonic development, and wound repair, and
in immunity.

These sticky glycoproteins act as:
- The molecular Velcro that cells use to anchor themselves to molecules in the extracellular space and to each other
-The arms of migrating cells used to haul them selves past one another
-SOS signal sticking out from the blood vessel lining that rally protective white blood cells to nearby, infected or injured area
-mechanical senses that respond to changes in local tension or fluid movement at the cell surface by stimulating synthesis or degradation of tight junctions
-transmitters of intracellular signals that direct cell migration, proliferation and specialization

Answer 1

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Question 2

A huge and diverse group of integral proteins and glycoproteins that serve as binding sites are collectively known as….

Answer 2

Membrane receptors

Question 3

Are chemicals that bind specifically to plasma membrane receptors

Answer 3

Ligands

Question 4

Exert their effect indirectly through a G-protein, a regulatory molecule that acts as a middleman or relay to activate [or inactivate] a membrane bound enzyme or ion channel

Answer 4

Gprotein-linked receptors

Question 5

Proteins that relays signals between extra cellular, first messengers [such as hormones or neurotransmitters transmitters] and intracellular, second messages [such as cyclic AMP] via an effector enzyme

Answer 5

G protein

Question 6

Intracellular molecule generated by the binding of a chemical [hormone or neurotransmitter] to receptor protein; mediates intracellular responses to the chemical messenger

Answer 6

Second messengers

Question 7

Intracellular second messengers that mediate the effects of the first [extra cellular] messenger [hormone or neurotransmitter) form from ATP by a plasma membrane enzyme (adenylate cyclase).

Answer 7

Cyclic AMP