3.4

Question 1

Membrane transport process for which ATP is directly or indirectly required

Answer 1

Active transport

Question 2

Move, solutes, most importantly ions uphill against a concentration granite

Answer 2

Solute pumps

Question 3

The two transported substances move in the same direction

Answer 3

Symport system

Question 4

The transport substances wave to each other as they cross the membrane in opposite directions

Answer 4

Antiport system

Question 5

Hydrolysis of ATP results in the phosphorylation of the transport protein. This step causes the protein to change its shape in such a manner that it pumps the bound solute across the membrane

Answer 5

Primary active transport

Question 6

A primary active transport system that simultaneously drives an Na+ out of the cell against the Steep concentration gradient and pumps K+ back in

Answer 6

Sodium potassium pump also called Na+ -K+ ATPase

Question 7

They combine differences in concentration and charge, influences the distribution and direction of diffusion of ions

Answer 7

Electrochemical gradient

Question 8

A type of active transport in which the energy needed to drive to transport process is provided by the electro chemical gradient of another molecule [which moves downhill through the transport protein, at the same time, as another molecule is moved uphill against its gradient) also called cotransport or symport [when the two transport molecules move in the same direction] or antiport (when the two transport molecules move in opposite directions.]

Answer 8

Secondary active transport

Question 9

In …. Fluids containing large particles and macromolecules are transported across cellular membranes inside bubble like membrane sacs called vesicles.

Answer 9

Vesicular transport

Question 10

Moving substances into across and then out of the cell

Answer 10

Transcytosis

Question 11

Moving substances from one area in the cell to another

Answer 11

Vesicular trafficking

Question 12

1) coated pit ingests substance
2) protein coated vesicle detaches
3) coat proteins are recycled to plasma membrane
4) un coated vesicle fuses with a sorting vesicle called an endosome
5) transport vesicle containing membrane components moved to the plasma membrane for recycling
6) fused vesicle may (a) fuse with lysosome for digestion of its contents or (B) deliver its contents to the plasma membrane on the opposite side of the cell (transcytosis)

Answer 12

Endocytosis

Question 13

The cell engulfs, a large particle by forming projecting pseudopods (false feet) around it and enclosing it in a membrane sac also called a phagosome. The phagosome combined with a lysosome. Undigested contents remain in the vesicle [now called a residual body] or ejected by exocytosis. Vesicles may or may not be protein coated, but has receptors capable of binding to Microorganisms or solid particles

Answer 13

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Vesicle formed as a result of phagocytosis (engulfing of foreign solids by cells)

Answer 14

Phagosome

Question 15

Most phagocytes move about by ….. that is their cytoplasm flows into temporary extensions that allow them to creep along

Answer 15

Amoeboid motion

Question 16

The cell gulps, a drop of extra cellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles. No receptors are used so the process is nonspecific most vesicles are protein coated

Answer 16

Pinocytosis also called fluid filled endocytosis

Question 17

Extra cellular substances bind to specific receptor proteins, enabling the cell to ingest and concentrate specific substances [Ligands) in protein coated vesicles. Ligands may simply be released inside the cell, or be combined with a lysosome to digest contents. receptors are recycled to the plasma membrane in vesicles

Answer 17

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 18

Different code proteins are used for certain other types of vesicular transport. For example…… tubular or flask shaped inpocketings of the plasma membrane seen in many cell types are involved in a unique kind of receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 18

Caveolae

Question 19

Vascular transport processes that eject substances from the cell interior into the extra cellular fluid

Answer 19

Exocytosis

Question 20

1) membrane bound vesicles migrates to the plasma membrane
2) There proteins at the vesicle surface (Vsnares) bind with t snares (plasma membrane proteins)
3) the vesicle and plasma membrane fuse and a pore opens up
4) vesicle contents are released to the cell exterior

Answer 20

Process of exocytosis