2.6

Question 1

The study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter

Answer 1

Biochemistry

Question 2

Any compound composed of atoms (some of which are carbon) held together by covalent (shared electron) bonds. Examples are proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Answer 2

Organic compounds

Question 3

Chemical substances that do not contain carbon. Including water, salt and many acids and bases

Answer 3

Inorganic compounds

Question 4

Water also forms layers of water molecules called…. Around large charged molecules such as proteins, shielding them from the effects of other charged substances in the vicinity and preventing them from settling out of solution

Answer 4

Hydrogen layers

Question 5

An ionic compound containing cations other than H+ and anions other than the hydroxyl ion (OH-)

Answer 5

Salts

Question 6

A substance that releases hydrogen ions when in solution, a proton donor

Answer 6

Acids

Question 7

Common waste product of protein breakdown in the body; a clueless volatile gas, very soluble in water and capable of forming a weak base, a proton acceptor

Answer 7

Ammonia (NH3)

Question 8

What makes water so vital to life

Answer 8

High heat capacity
High heat of vaporization
Polar solvent properties
Reactivity
Cushioning

Question 9

A substance capable of binding with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor

Answer 9

Base

Question 10

Chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions

Answer 10

Buffer

Question 11

Chemical system that helps maintain pH homeostasis of the blood

Answer 11

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Question 12

Water

Answer 12

Universal solvent

Question 13

A ….. minus its electron and therefore carrying a positive charge (proton)

Answer 13

Hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 14

A substance that released hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; an acid

Answer 14

Proton donors

Question 15

A substance that takes up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; a base

Answer 15

Proton acceptors

Question 16

An ion liberated when a hydroxide (a common inorganic base) is dissolved in water

Answer 16

Hydroxyl ion (OH-)

Question 17

Displacement reaction in which mixing an acid and a base forms water and a salt

Answer 17

Neutralization reaction

Question 18

The measure of relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Answer 18

PH unit

Question 19

Substances that contain an electrical current in solution

Answer 19

Electrolytes

Question 20

An important base in the body, particularly abundant in blood

Answer 20

Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

Question 21

A buffer system that helps to maintain pH homeostasis of the blood

Answer 21

Carbonic acid- bicarbonate system

Question 22

Dissociate easy in water and quickly tie up H+

Answer 22

Strong base

Question 23

Acids that dissociate completely and irreversibly in water

Answer 23

Strong acid

Question 24

Acids that do not dissociate completely

Answer 24

Weak acids

Question 25

It accepts relatively few protons

Answer 25

Weak base