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401 - Toxicology, Drug Abuse, Pharmacology > 35: Vaping > Flashcards

35: Vaping Flashcards

1
Q

how does vaping work?

A

e liquids that contain nicotine are heated to produce an aerosol, which can then be inhaled

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2
Q

T or F: ecigs do not have vapors

A

T

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3
Q

what are first gen Ecigs

A

disposable ecig

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4
Q

what are 2nd gen ecigs

A

battery pen with cartridge (prefilled or refillable)

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5
Q

what are 3rd gen ecigs

A

modifiable- allows variable voltage/ watts, tank/ subohm (refillable)

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6
Q

what are 4th gen ecigs

A

pod mod (prefilled or refillable)

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7
Q

why do people modify their vaping devices

A

to drip liquids directly onto atomizer to get more aerosol conversion

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8
Q

e liquids are typically a mix of

A

water,, food grade flavoring, nicotine/ cannabis, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin

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9
Q

___ and ___ are used as humectants in vapes

A

PG and VG

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10
Q

T or F: the toxic effects of aerosol flavoring chemicals are well known

A

F- unknown, effects of nicotine well known

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11
Q

newer modes of ecigs use nicotine ___

A

salts

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12
Q

what is different about nicotine salts from normal free base nicotine

A

lower pH than free base nicotine = ↑ exposure = ↑ lvls inhaled more easily with less throat irritation

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13
Q

T or F: ecigs are approved as a quit smoking aid

A

F- but may assist

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14
Q

which of the following is true
1. ecigs generally contain fewer toxic chemicals than regular smoking
2. e cig aerosols are only inhaled by the smoker, there is less chance of second hand smoke
3. e cigs are approved by HC as a harm reduction alternative to smoking
4. 2nd gen devices are modifiable

A

1

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15
Q

vapine requires users to do _______ (shorter/ longer and harder/ softer) puffs than cigs

A

longer, harder

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16
Q

thermal degradation of 1,2, propylene glycol and glycerin produces

A

acetaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde

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17
Q

____ and ____ are found in majority of ecigs as the flavoring agent

A

diacetyl and 2,3 pentanedione

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18
Q

diacetyl and 2,3 pentanedione are linked to ___________. there is evidence they _________

A

bronchiolitis obliterans
impair production and function of cilia in human airways

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19
Q

which of the following is not an ingredient found in vape aerosols
1. carbonyl compounds
2. diaetyl and 2,3 pentanedione
3. organic compounds
4. metals
5. all of the above are found in vape aerosols

A

5

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20
Q

VAPI is

A

vaping associated pulmonary injury

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21
Q

VAPI sx

A

acute or subacute chemical pneumonitis, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, N/V/D, and pain
Rapid onset
Pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography (atypical pneumonia)
some pts require ICU and vent support, some develop ARDs

22
Q

VAPI predominantly affects

A

young males and healthy individuals who used an ecig within 90d of onset

23
Q

describe the pathogenesis of VAPI

A

largely unknown- associated with products that contain THC and/or vit E acetate used to thicken or dilate the THC in vaping products

may be due to interference with membrane function, heating producing ketenes (Reactive compound)

24
Q

T or F: what is vit E acetate used for in cannabis vapes

A

to thicken or dilute THC

25
Q

what is bronchiolitis obliterans

A

popcorn lung
inflam of bronchioles = damage = scarring = airway occlusion

26
Q

what is the major toxic substance associated with developing popcorn lung

A

acetaldehyde (found in most flavoring agents)
also diacetyl,. ammonia, chlorine, formaldehyde, fumes from metal oxides, HCL, mustard gas or sulfur mustard, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides

27
Q

what does dumbbbelss stand for in the cholinergic toxidrome

A

diarrhea, urination, miosis/ muscle weakness, bronchorhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation, sweating

28
Q

nicotine poisoning is ____ absorbed by ______, enters ____ and _______ metabolized

A

rapidly absorbed by all routes
enters brain quickly
rapidly metabolized

29
Q

nicotine undergoes _____ excretion

A

urinary

30
Q

there is an ____ incidence of nicotine poisoning in children

A

increased

31
Q

sx of nicotine poisoning includes

A

dependence, feeling awake or relaxed, diarrhea ↑ HR/ stroke volume, weight loss, ↑ BP, inhibition of urine production, vomiting, ↑ pain sensitivity, risk of thrombosis, ↑ RR

32
Q

nicotine dose and time dependent effects are ______

A

biphasic

33
Q

GI sx in early nicotine poisoning

A

N/V, salivation, abd pain

34
Q

resp sx in early nicotine poisoning

A

bronchorrhea, hyperpnea

35
Q

CV sx in early nicotine poisoning

A

HPTN, tachycardia, pallor

36
Q

neuro sx in early nicotine poisoning

A

Agitation, anxiety, dizziness, blurred vision, HA, hyperactivity, confusion, tremors, fasiculations, seizures

37
Q

GI and resp sx in late nicotine poisoning

A

diarrhea
hypoventilation, apnea

38
Q

CV sx in late nicotine poisoning

A

bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias, shock

39
Q

neuro sx in late nicotine poisoning

A

lethargy, weakness, paralysis

40
Q

key cannabis receptors are

A

CB1 and CB2

41
Q

cannabis triggers both _______ and _______

A

catecholamine release + inhibition of sympathetic reflexes

42
Q

acute effects of cannabis include

A

↓ coordination, muscle strength, lethargy, concentration, psychomotor activity

43
Q

nonclassical effects of cannabis include ________ and are more common with __________

A

agitation and seizures more common with synthetic or spice blends, incense packaging

44
Q

AEs from synthetic cannabinoids

A

sx: blank stare, slow response, normal vitals, lethargy, arousable, normal reflexes, normal pupils, groaning sounds, slow mech movements = zombie like description

45
Q

why do people do bagging/ huffing/ sniffing/ spraying

A

Intoxicating effects immediately
Plethora of chemicals readily absorb through lungs + distribute rapidly
Initially stimulating, then less inhibited + less in control
Chemicals prevent/ limit breathing in oxygen

46
Q

ST effects of huffing/ etc

A

HA, N/V, loss of balance, dizziness, slurred and slowed speech, mood changes, hallucinations

47
Q

LT effects of huffing/ etc

A

cardiotoxicity (from inflam, CHF, sudden cardiac death), respiratory damage, anoxic brain damage, liver and kidney damage, progressive neuro injury (ex- hearing loss, muscle spasms, loss of coordination), loss of concentration, ST memory loss

48
Q

what is sudden sniffing death syndrome

A

abrupt CV collapse due to irreg HR (~505 of inhalant related deaths)

49
Q

1,1 difluoroethane (DFE) is an ____________ used as refrigerant chemical component of canned air

A

organic HC, colorless, odorless gas

50
Q

sx of inhaling DFE

A

inebriation, frostbite, blisters, CNS depression (drowsiness, N, HA, fatigue, weakness)
Asphyxiant (displaces oxygen) + heavier than air + flammable

51
Q

pathophys of sudden sniffing death syndrome

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias
Sensitization of myocardium to catecholamines
Blocks K and Ca channels and sodium current = prolongs repolarization or ↑ QT dispersion
Effects often unpredictable and occur in first time users
Startled by being caught = sudden release of catecholamines

52
Q

how to tx sudden sniffing death sx

A

CPR, defibrillation, BB (avoid epi)

401 - Toxicology, Drug Abuse, Pharmacology (32 decks)

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