33: Substance use Flashcards
what is the most frequently misused drugs that result in ER visits
BZDs
GHB reinforcing effects
relaxation, sociability
dangers of GHB
narrow dosing range, inconsistent conc of products batch to batch
ADRs to GHB
↓ resp, seizures, vomiting, sleep disturbances, dizziness
GHB withdrawal sx
agitation, mental status changes, ↑HR, ↑BP, sweating, tremors (can continue for months after initial detox)
why are inhalants so commonly used
easily accessible, cheap, inconspicuous with intense effects that only last for a short duration
AEs of inhalants
stimulation, disinhibition, HA, N/V, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, wheezing/ cramps, muscle weakness, depression, memory impairment, irreversible damage to CV and nervous systems, unconsciousness, sudden death
what is the most common drugs of abuse that cause the most damage
1. GHB
2. cannabis
3. alcohol
4. inhalants
4
CBD effects
anti psychoactive effect that can counteract THC, may reduce anxiety associated with THC- but may make rebound anxiety worse- need to trial and error strains
what is hashish
derived from the dried resin of the flowering tops of mature and unpollinated female cannabis plants (20-60% THC) –> have higher conc of THC !!
describe the reinforcing effects of cannabis
initial high but generally depressant effects, increased doses can be hallucinogenic
therapeutic uses of cannabis
analgesia, antinauseant, muscle relaxant, decreases IOP, insomnia/ anxiety
cannabis can appear in drug screening up to _____ in chronic users
4-5wks
describe acute cannabis intoxication EENT sx
red eyes, dry mouth and throat, impaired balance and coordination, over talkative
describe acute cannabis intoxication CNS sx
euphoria, calm, distorted sensory perception, impaired learning, memory, anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis, ↓ judgment, ↓ attention span
cannabis effects on HR
increase
cannabis effects on MSK
slowed reaction time, general relaxation
cannabis GI effects
↑ appetite, munchies
those who use cannabis and drive tend to _____ their abilities
1. underestimate
2. overestimate
1- will be aware of impairment
the use of 1-3 joints = ___ cigs of lung damage
5-15
T or F: many carcinogens that are present in tobacco smoke are also present in cannabis smoke
T
Cannabis smoking causes inflammation and ________ + associated with __________ in lung tissue
cell damage
precancerous changes
which of the following is false
1. cannabis has been shown to cause immune system dysfxn- may predispose pts to cancer
2. some terpenes/ cannabinoids have antiviral properties
3. some terpenes/ cannabinoids show cancer cell killingproperties
4. smoking cannabis is safer than edibles or vaping
4- edibles and vaping (dry safer than oil) are both safer than smoking
it is recommended to avoid cannabis use before ___, but ideally avoid it until after ______
16yrs, mid 20s
starting to use cannabis at a younger age causes (5)
- incr risk of what (2)?
- dcr waht fxn (3)?
↑ risk dependence, mental health issues (depression, psychosis, hallucinations) ↓ memory, IQ, executive fxn
T or F: cannabis products with higher CBD;THC ratios are safer in terms of lowering the risk of psychosis
T
what are the complications of synthetic cannabinoids and why should they be avoided
can cause acute cognitive impairment, strokes, seizures, MI
T or F: in chronic use, cannabis users will likely experience withdrawal
T
T or F: you can build tolerance to cannabis
T
cannabis use disorder is most common in
adolescence and early adulthood
which of the following is the strongest predictor of developing cannabis use disorder
1. early onset of cannabis use <15yrs
2. vaping and smoking cannabis
3. having a family member smoke cannabis around the house
4. poor school performance
1
