3.5 - Metals Flashcards
how metal can be extracted from its ore
using a blast furnace
reacting with more reactive material
electrolysis
reactivity series positions
- tendency to become oxidised is linked to how reactive a metal is
- metals higher up are less resistant to oxidation than
- metals placed lower down which are more resistant to oxidation, reacts with water
- position of the metal on the reactivity series determines the method of extraction
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
PSL CMA
- extracted by ELECTROLYSIS of the molten chloride or oxide
- large amounts of ELECTRICITY are required, which makes this an EXPENSIVE process
Zinc
Iron
Copper
ZIC
- extracted by heating with a reducing agent such as carbon or carbon monoxide in a BLAST FURNACE
- cheap process as carbon is CHEAP and can also be a source of heat
Silver
Gold
- found as PURE elements
reactivity series from most to least reactive
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Silver
Gold
uses of aluminium and its properties
aircraft bodies - high strength-to-weight ratio (low density)
saucepans - very good conductor of heat and unreactive
overhead electrical cables - very good conductor of electricity
food cans - non-toxic, resistant to corrosion and resistant to acidic food stuffs
uses of copper
electrical wiring - very good conductor of electricity and ductile
saucepans - very good conductor of heat, unreactive, malleable
water pipes - unreactive (does not react with water), non-toxic and malleable
uses of iron
building material - good strength, malleable and ductile, relatively inexpensive
catalyst - increases the rate of reaction without being used up
steels alloys its uses: mild
alloyed with - 0.25% carbon
- car body panels and wiring
- soft and malleable
steels alloys and its uses: high carbon
alloyed with - 0.5-1.4% carbon
- tools, e.g. chisels
- hard
steels alloys and its uses: stainless steel
alloyed with - 20% chromium and 10% nickel
- cutlery, sinks and chemical plants
- strong and resistant to corrosion
alloy and example
a mixture of two or more metals or metal with a non-metal such as carbon
e.g. steel is made from iron and carbon
alloy properties
- stronger and harder
- resistant to corrosion or extreme temperatures
- makes it more useful than pure metals
why is an alloy harder than a pure metal
- pure metal has layers so the atoms can slide over more easily
- alloy has different sized atoms which are randomly arranged which prevents layers sliding over