3.1 - Introduction Flashcards
gas energy
most energy
- spaced apart and randomly arranged
liquid energy
more energy than solid
- particles closer together but have random arrangement
solid energy
least energy
- particles vibrating in fixed regular arrangement and close together
melting
solid -> liquid
freezing
liquid -> solid
boiling
liquid -> gas
condensing
gas -> liquid
gas -> liquid -> solid
particles lose kinetic energy
move less
more regular arranged and close together
diffusion of solid
particles have to be able to move
doesn’t occur in solid since particles cannot move
dilution of coloured solutions
diluted by adding water
particles diffuse to area of low conc
mixes with water molecules
solvent
liquid in which solute dissolves in
solute
substance that dissolves in a liquid to form solution
solution
mixture formed when solute has dissolved in a solvent
saturated solution
solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved in
solubility is shown as
grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100g of water
solubility curves
solubility os solids increases when temp and pressure increases
mass below line - solution unsaturated
mass above line - unstable and super saturated
element
substance made from only one type of atom
compound
substance made of two or more elements that reacted chemically w each other
mixture
consists of 2 or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined
- chemical properties in mixture are unchanged
pure substance
single element/compound not mixed with other substances
pure substances MP/BP
range of temperatures - specific
periods
elements with same number of shells of electrons
- arranged in rows
non metals are not
conductive
(except graphite)
if an element is not conductive and its oxide is acidic
non metal
if an element is conductive and its oxide is basic
metal
investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature
- Pour 200 cm3 of deionised water into a beaker
- water bath to heat the beaker of water to the desired temperature
- add known masses of the solid bit by bit until it stops dissolving and remains as solid in the solution
- record the mass of solid that was soluble.
- repeat steps with the water at different temperatures.
results on practical of the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature
- as the temperature increases, the mass of sodium chloride that dissolves should increase.
- this is because the water particles have more kinetic energy so they’re able to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction between the solid particles and cause the solid particles to break apart
