35. Hygiene of technology of processing and storage of animal by-products in the meat industry, including SRM Flashcards
What is animal by-products?
Bodies/parts, products of AO or products not for human consumption.
What is derived products?
Products from treatment/processing of by-products
What are the categories for processing?
Category 1 and 2
Category 3
What are the standard methods that’s included into the categories of processing?
Category 1 and 2 –> method 2,3,4 or 5.
Category 3 –> Any of methods 1-5 or method 7.
Method 1 - Only if CA require the method (TSE)
Describe method 1
Pressure sterilization (Reg. 142/2011) SRM!
Animal by-products must be reduced if the particle is >50mm.
Core temp 133c for 20min at 3bars (for TSE)
Describe method 2
Particles >150mm must be reduced to 150mm.
At a core temp 100c for 125min
Describe method 3
Particles >30mm should be reduced to 30mm.
Core temp 130C for 13min
Describe method 4
Particles reduced to 30mm, placed in a vessel after reduction, fat added at 130c for 3min
Describe method 5
Particles reduced to 20mm, heated until coagulates, pressed to remove fat and water. 100c for 60min
Describe method 6
For category 3 animals by-products from aquatic animals or invertebrates only.
Reduced to 30-50mm -> mixed with acid -> stored 24h -> 90c, 1h -> pH drop
Describe method 7
Any method authorized by CA following detection of hazards -> reduced to non-dangerous level.
Daily sampling of final products for microbes
What are microbial standards for method 7 that must be measured?
- Clostridium perfringens absent in 1g
- Salmonella absent in 25g (5 samples)
- Enterobacteriaceae in 1g (5 samples); max 300
What is some alternative processing methods that can be used?
Alkaline hydrolysis
High pressure hydrolysis biogas
Biodiesel
What is alkaline hydrolysis and give examples
Mixed material is put into a vessel -> increased temp (150c) and pressure -> breakdown of proteins + fats -> liquid separated from solid
Examples: NaOH, KOH
What is high pressure hydrolysis biogas?
Pressure sterilization of defatted material at 220c (10min) with steam.
Resulting material is mixed with mater -> anaerobically fermented -> biogas -> generation of energy
How is biodiesel formed?
By esterification and transesterification of fat then converted to biogas
What is rendering?
Heat to extract fats + proteins (feed)
What is incineration?
Burn to ash
Under which regulation does storage of animal-by-products go and what does it say?
Reg. EC 1069/2009 - Health rules regarding animal byproducts and derived products not intended for human consumption - proper storage to avoid risk to animals or public health.
How should SRM (specific risk materials) be handled?
What is the process?
Classified as category 1 material
- Stained immediately with patent blue V (0,5% solution) -> pressure sterillzation -> incineration (1350c)
-3 disposal routes:
a) incineration
b) rendering and incineration
c) Rendered and land-filled
- If awaiting TSE results; SRM must go as (a) and (b)
What is the regulation laying down rules for SRM?
Reg. EC 999/2001 - Rules for prevention, control and eradication of certain TSE
What are some SRM?
Scrapie and TSE
In case of Scrapie risk which samples are taken and from which age?
In sheep and goat over 12m
- spinal cord
- skull
- brain
- eyes
In not controlled countries - all ages:
- spleen
- ileum
- tonsils
In case of BSE risk which samples are taken and from which age?
Bovine over 12m:
- spinal cord
- skull (not mandible)
- brain
- eyes)
In not controlled countries - all ages:
- tonsils
- last 4m of SI
- caecum
- mesentery
