3.5 Alcohols Flashcards
What is the functional group of an alcohol
OH (hydroxyl)
What IMFS do alcohols have
Hydrogen bonding
Van der waals
What is an elimination reaction
The removal of a smaller molecule from a larger one
What conditions are needed for the elimination reaction from alcohols to alkenes
Excess hot conc sulphuric acid
Draw a mechanism for the dehydration of ethanol
What forms if you partially oxidise a primary alcohol
An aldehyde
What conditions are needed to partially oxidise a primary alcohol
Dilute sulphuric acid
Potassium dichromate (VI)
What forms if you fully oxidise a primary alcohol
A carboxylic acid
What forms if you oxidise a secondary alcohol
Ketone
What is an aldehyde, whats its functional group
Molecule with C=O group at the end of a carbon chain
How do you name aldehydes
-al
eg ethanal
What is a ketone, whats its functional group
Molecule with C=O group in middle of carbon chain
How do you name ketones
-one
eg propanone
What is a carboxylic acid, whats its functional group
Molecule with COOH group at the end of a carbon chain
Carboxyl functional group, C=O and -OH
How do you name carboxylic acids
-oic acid
eg propanoic acid
What does the Tollen’s test give a positive result for
Aldehydes
How do you carry out Tollen’s test
Add equal volumes of substance and Tollens in test tube, water bath 10 mins
Result of Tollens test for aldehyde and ketone
Aldehyde - silver mirror
Ketone - no visible change
What does Fehling’s solution give a positive result for
Aldehydes
What conditions do you need to use the Fehlings solution
Heat
What result do aldehydes and ketones give in the fehlings test
Aldehydes - brick red ppt
Ketone - no visible change
