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Chemistry A level > 2.4 Period 3 > Flashcards

2.4 Period 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Appearance and physical properties of sodium

A

Metallic, shiny, conducts electricity (worst conductor out of the metals)

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2
Q

Reaction of sodium with acid

A

Na + acid –> H2 + Salt

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3
Q

Reaction of sodium with cold water and observations

A

2Na + 2H2O –> 2NaOH + H2
Vigorous reaction
Floats on water
Fizzes
pH = 13/14

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4
Q

Reaction of sodium with oxygen and observations

A

2Na+1/2O2 –> Na2O
Bright yellow flame, forms white powder

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5
Q

Appearance and physical properties of magnesium

A

Metallic, shiny, conducts electricity

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6
Q

Reaction of Mg with cold water

A

Mg + 2H2O –> H2 + Mg(OH)2
Very slow reaction
pH=10

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7
Q

Reaction of Mg with steam

A

Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2
Much faster

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8
Q

Reaction of mg with oxygen

A

2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO
Bright white flame
White powder

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9
Q

Appearance and physical properties of aluminium

A

Metallic, shiny, best conductor of electricity in period 3

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10
Q

Reaction of Al with cold water

A

No reaction

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11
Q

Reaction of Al with oxygen

A

4Al + 3O2 —> 2Al2O3
Bright flame
White powder

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12
Q

Appearance and physical properties of silicon

A

Semimetal, semi conductor

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13
Q

Reaction of silicon with oxygen

A

Si + O2 –> SiO2
White powder
Heat needed

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14
Q

Appearance and physical properties of phosphorus

A

Non-metal
Low mp and bp
Doesnt conduct electricity

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15
Q

Reaction of phosphorus in excess oxygen

A

4P + 5O2 —> P4O10
White solid

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16
Q

Reaction of phosphorus in limited oxygen

A

4P + 3O2 –> P4O6
Incomplete combustion
Colourless liquid phosphorus trioxide is formed

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17
Q

Appearance and physical properties of sulfur

A

Non metal
Low mp and bp
Doesnt conduct electricity

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18
Q

Reaction of sulfur with oxygen

A

S + O2 –> SO2
Heat needed
Colourless gas sulfur dioxide formed

19
Q

What bonding does each period 3 oxide have

A

Na - ionic lattice
Mg - ionic lattice
Al - ionic lattice with covalent character
Si - giant covalent
P - simple molecular covalent
S - simple molecular covalent

20
Q

What is the trend in mpt for period 3 oxides

A

Highest is MgO
Lowest is SO2
Increases along group for metals for Na2O and MgO due to stronger ionic bonding, Al2O3 is lower due to covalent character
Decreases with size for simple molecular molecules

21
Q

Most basic period 3 oxides

A

Na2O and MgO

22
Q

Reaction of Na oxide with water and its pH

A

Na2O + H2O –> 2Na+ + 2OH-
pH=14

23
Q

Reaction of Mg oxide with water and its pH

A

MgO + H2O –> Mg2+ + 2OH- <—>Mg(OH)2
pH= 9-10

24
Q

What are the products if Na2O and MgO are reacted with acid

A

Salt and water only

25
Q

Is aluminium oxide acidic or basic

A

Amphoteric = base or acid

26
Q

Is aluminium oxide soluble

A

Not in water

27
Q

Reaction of aluminium oxide with HCl

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl –> 3H2O + 2AlCl3

28
Q

Reaction of aluminium oxide with NaOH

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O –> 2NaAl(OH)4

29
Q

Is silicon dioxide soluble in water

A

No

30
Q

In what conditions will silicon dioxide act as an acid

A

Reacts as a weak acid with a strong base

31
Q

Reaction of silicon dioxide with hot, conc NaOH

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH –> H2O + Na2SiO3

32
Q

Reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with water and its pH

A

P4O10 + 6H2O –> 4H3PO4
pH = 1-2

33
Q

Reaction of P4O10 with NaOH

A

3NaOH + H3PO4 –> Na3PO4 + 3H2O

34
Q

Reaction of SO2 with water and its pH

A

SO2 + H2O –> H2SO3
pH = 2-3

35
Q

Reaction of SO3 with water and its pH

A

SO3 + H2O –> H2SO4
pH = 0-1

36
Q

Reaction of SO2 with NaOH (2 stages)

A

SO2 + NaOH –> NaHSO3
NaHSO3 + NaOH –> Na2SO3 + H2O

37
Q

Shape and bonding in PO4 3-

A

Tetrahedral with 109.5

38
Q

Structure, bonding and shape of SO4 2-

A

Tetrahedral with 109.5

39
Q

Structure and bonding and shape of SO3 2-

A

106 degrees
Trigonal pyramid
S has one lone pair

40
Q

Uses of MgO

A

Additive for cattle feed

41
Q

How useful is Al2O3

A

Oxide layer on Aluminium makes it very useful as it is unreactive and returns quickly if it is scratched off

42
Q

Uses of SO2

A

Reactant in contact process

43
Q

Would lithium oxide or sodium oxide have a higher mtp, why

A

Li2O has a higher mtp since Li+ is a smaller ion than Na+ so the O2- and Li+ charge centres are closer together and there is a greater electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions

Chemistry A level (48 decks)

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