3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes Flashcards
What are the four bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is the meaning of a triplet code?
Three bases ( A Codon) codes for an amino acid
What is the meaning of non-overlapping code?
Each amino acid is independent - codons read one after the other
What is the meaning of degenerate code?
Multiple codon codes for the same amino acid
What is the meaning of universal code?
ATCG are used to code for DNA in all species
What are homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that are equal in length, have same position of centromere + same genes (sometimes different alleles caused by mutation)
What are histone proteins?
DNA wrap around histone proteins which curls up and condenses to form chromosomes
Why are histone proteins not found in prokaryotes?
DNA are in form of circular / loops in prokaryotes
What are exons?
Genes - section of DNA that codes for a protein / functional RNA
What is the locus?
Position of a gene in a chromosome
What could be a consequence of mutation
Result in stop codon - non-functional DNA - stop remaining codon from being made
What are introns?
Non-coding DNA - gaps between genes
What is the genome of a cell?
The complete set of genes in a cell
What is the proteome of a cell?
The full name of proteins a cell is able to produce
